Statement of SANTARRILLA S. G. FRANKLIN, of Cuba, Clinton county, Ohio.

There is not much attention paid here to the improvement of cattle, .except a few crosses of the Durham with our common stock. A few days since, one man sold a lot of twenty-five steers for $1,000. The average price of neat cattle at three years old, is about $15 each.

Statement of LUTHER BAILEY, of the United Society of Shakers, North Union, Cuyahoga county, Ohio.

The short-horns, or Durhams, with us, for large, fine animals and excellent fattening qualities, cannot be outdone; and for milk, with proper care in selecting, they may be as serviceable as any.

The price of thorough-bred Durham calves at six months old, varies from $50 to $100 each.

Statement of JACOB KNOOP, of Elizabeth, Miami county, Ohio.

We have some very fine Durham cattle in this county, and from them a very valuable cross is obtained for beef; but for dairy purposes, the common stock is preferred. Milch cows are worth from $20 to $35 each, and steers two or three years old, from $40 to $60 a pair. When fattened, they bring about $5 a hundred.

Statement of P. W. GILLETT, of Astoria, Clatsop county, Oregon.

Cattle in this Territory, especially in the interior and southern parts, amount to almost nothing. They keep fat during the whole year upon grass. The average price of beef in this county, is from 18 to 20 cents per pound. Good cows are worth from $80 to $100 a head; oxen, $150 to $225 a yoke.

Statement of WILLIAM M. MACY, of Quercus Grove, Linn county, Oregon

Cattle are raised here with little more care than to keep them from straying. Besides our own consumption of beef, large droves of fat cattle are taken to the mines. Milch cows are worth $75 per head. Through the milking season, the yield per cow is from 75 to 100 pounds of butter. Beef is worth 11 cents per pound. Oxen are worth $125 per yoke.

Statement of ISAAC R. EVANS, of Harrisville, Butler county, Pennsylvania.

There are but few cattle of improved breeds in this section, although the subject is becoming a great object to our farmers. They find a ready sale for any of their stock at any season. The cost of rearing until three years old is about $15 a head. The present value at that age is from $15 to $20 each.

The breaking of steers is one of the most important operations of cattle raising. My method is, to take a pair of animals two or three years

old, which are in good condition, and tie them up in the barn by the horns with a strong rope, where they cannot injure themselves. I then handle them occasionally by leading them around, until they know what it is to be confined. As soon as they will lead pretty well, I yoke them, and tie their tails together, to prevent them from turning their yokes; putting them in a clear yard, where they cannot go very far without turning. I drive them around a few times, in order to accustom them to travel together, a few days after which they will do to go to ordinary work in a team.

Statement of H. N. MCALLISTER, GEORGE BUCHANAN, JAMES ALEXANDER, J. K. SHOEMAKER, and WILLIAM J. WARING, being that portion of their report which relates to cattle, to the Centre County Agricultural Society, Pennsylvania.

Oxen are not used for labor in this county, except in the lumber districts, although many farmers might employ them advantageously. Durham and Devonshire cattle are being introduced, and crossed upon our common breeds, with manifest advantage to farmers.

Statement of N. LINTON, of Cochransville, Chester county, Pennsylvania.

Horned cattle have not been raised extensively in this section, until recently. Farmers have long been in the habit of feeding them for market, taking them from droves brought principally from Ohio, Virginia, and Illinois. Cattle are selling out of droves this fall at from $4 to $6 per hundred, according to quality; and fat cattle at prices varying from $6 50 to $9 per hundred; the feeders thus realizing from $15 to $35 advance on each steer. Many farmers also stail-feed cattle in the winter, with the view of disposing of their grain on the farm, and thereby greatly increasing their manure, and preventing their land from becoming exhausted by selling their corn and oats by the bushel. In this way they often get market prices for their grain, and sometimes more. But the farmer's success in feeding cattle depends on his judgment in buying. If he be able to distinguish all the good points of a steer, estimate correctly the amount of his growth, and judge accurately of hisdisposition to lay on fat, he will hardly fail in being successful. If he fail in these particulars, his success will most likely be accidental. Farmers in this county have also mostly bought their working oxen from Western droves. The prices this season have ranged from $100 to $200 a yoke. After these oxen have worked one or more years, they are fed for market, and sell for the highest prices. But the scarcity and high prices of stock cattle of late years have induced farmers to turn their attention more to raising calves; and young stock may be seen on almost every farm. The cost of raising young cattle until three years old, will average about $25; and they will sell for as much or more than Western stock of like quality. Fat cattle are usually sold to drovers; they buy them from the farmers, either as they stand or by weight, allowing from 54 to 56 pounds of beef to each hundred of gross weight.

Statement of JOSHUA S. KELLER, of Orwigsburgh, Schuylkill county, Pennsylvania.

There are few, if any, full-blooded cattle in this county; but we have some fine mixed cows, both of Devon and Durham, as well as excellent animals of the common breed. Quite a number of calves have been raised within the last few years. A bullock or heifer can be raised (two years old) for about $20 or $25. Formerly the butchers bought all the calves, especially the largest and fattest, which is fast going out of practice; for the farmer now sees his advantage in keeping the best, and killing or selling the inferior ones. Our best cows will bring from $40 to $50 each.

Statement of JOHN EICHAR, of Greensburgh, Westmoreland county, Penn

sylvania.

The best and the only thorough-bred cattle we have, are the Durhams. I have a calf, that for beauty and symmetry of form cannot be excelled. Quite an improvement has also been effected by crossing our best common stock with the Durhams. It is a fact generally admitted, that more beef can be made with a given amount of food in a specific time, and of sufficient abundance, from a full-blooded Durham, or short-horn, than from any other breed. Our milking stock, containing a "strain" of the Durham blood, are also of superior quality, and are highly prized.

Statement of JOSEPH PARKER, of West Rupert, Bennington county, Vermont.

The expense of keeping neat cattle the first two winters, is about one and a half tons of hay to each, valued at $7 per ton; the third winter, two tons, amounting, say to $31 50. To this add thirty weeks' pasturing, the first year at 5 cents per week; the second, 10 cents; and the third year, 12 cents per week; amounting to $8 10-making the cost at three years old, $39 60. The value of a good animal at this age is about $30. The Devon breed, here, is highly valued for labor.

Statement of H. W. LESTER, of Rutland, Rutland county, Vermont. The horned cattle of Vermont are mostly of a red color, well made, of fair size, and perhaps better milkers than any foreign breed. The Devons, Herefords, and Durhams have been frequently introduced and crossed with our common stock, with decided benefit. We like the eross with the Devons best, as such cattle are superior for work, beauty, and activity.

Red, close-built, short-haired animals are often underrated in weight, while other colors are overrated. Late in September, 1852, I dried off and began to fatten two middle-sized cows-one deep red, closehaired, and fifteen years old; the other, half Durham, red and white, ten years old. They both were fed alike, and killed about the middle of December. Before they were slaughtered, they were examined by several persons considered good judges. The Durham was called good, and believed to weigh from 500 to 650 pounds. The red cow, called

ordinary, was thought to weigh from 500 to 525 pounds. When killed and dressed, the red cow weighed 651 pounds, had 4 pounds more rough tallow, and the beef looked best; while the red and white, when dressed, weighed 630 pounds.

Raising and fattening three-year-old cattle, or cows, costs about $4 per hundred pounds; average weight, 600 pounds. Rearing oxen costs about $5 50 per hundred pounds; average weight, 950 pounds. Cost of conveyance to Boston market by railroad, $3 per head. Driving them on foot costs less, but wastes more.

Statement of WILLIAM SMOOT, of Boone Court House, Virginia.

Our cattle, like our horses, are not of the improved or imported kind; though I might remark, that we have a slight mixture of Durham, and other English blood, infused in our stock.

Cattle, at three years old, cost $9 to raise them, and are worth from $16 to $18 at that age.

Statement of RALEIGH W. DYER, of Prillaman's, Franklin county, Virginia.

We have but few improved cattle. We give them the range until harvest; from then until Christmas they are pastured; then fed on shucks, straw, and top-fodder until spring, when they are again let into the range. Beef is worth from 2 to 4 cents per pound at home-from 5 to 64 cents in market. Cows and calves are worth from $10 to $18. each; working oxen from $20 to $50, according to quality. The cost of raising I have never yet calculated.

Statement of HENRY M. PRICE, of Nicholas Court House, Virginia.

Cattle command the chief attention of our farmers. They are chiefly raised by "browsing," having little attention given them besides regularly salting during the summer. In winter, if kept over, they are fed with hay upon the meadows and open grass lands, which serves to enrich them without other manuring. The farmer here but seldom sells his hay, which is decidedly a wise policy. The fall before the cattle are four years old, they are usually sold and driven off to other counties to be grain-fed. The usual price is from $17 to $20.

Statement of Gustavus de Neven, of Fond du Lac, Fond du Lac county, Wisconsin.

Much attention is given in this region to the raising of neat cattle and the products of the dairy. The butter produced in Fond du Lac county is of excellent quality, and the pasturage, particularly on the prairies and openings, could support several times the stock of cattle that graze upon it. Fat beef is produced on the wild pastures, which would not unfavorably compare with the stall-fed beeves of the Eastern markets. In view of the facilities afforded by railroads, some feeders have begun to fatten for the New York market. Common cows produce, on an average, about 150 pounds of butter a year. Value through the season

13 or 14 cents per pound. The cost of raising neat cattle till three years old, is about $15 each.

Introduction of the Asiatic Buffalo, the Brahmin Ox, and the Cashmere, Scinde and Malta Goats into South Carolina, by JAMES B. DAVIS, of Columbia.

The want of calcareousness in nearly all of the soils of the Southern States, together with the heat of our sun, makes an inaptitude to perrennial grasses for grazing animals; hence more suitable for browsing, as both tend to originate shrubbery and weeds. In 1836, having had some experience in the importation of short-horned, Devon and Ayrshire cattle into this State, I then summarily advanced an opinion, "that all cattle brought from a Northern to our Southern climate must necessarily degenerate to the peculiarities of our location, and that it would be easier to improve cattle already acclimated, or import animals from a still warmer region." In my late sojourn in Asia and the East, I had reference to this observation in importing Cashmere, Scinde and Malta milking-goats, as well as the Brahmin ox, or Nagore, of India, the Asiatic buffalo, or water ox, and other animals.

The Cashmere, Persian, Angora and Circassian goats are one and the same animal, changed in some respects by altitude, though but little by latitude. They abound in all this inaccessible territory, and are the eating milking, cheese and butter-making and clothes-making animal .of the whole country. They are finely developed for the table, much disposed to fatten, very white and beautiful, with long fine wool or curly hair, yielding about 4 to 44 pounds to the fleece. They can be easily procured by an energetic man acquainted with the peculiarities of the population, and at a cost of $4 to $6 each on the spot. I brought to the United States, in 1849, seven females and two males. They have kids only every spring, usually two at a birth. The full breeds have increased only to about thirty, from the accidental circumstance that in nearly every instance the issue has been males.

In locating these animals in different sections of South Carolina, I can see no difference between those reared here and the imported, with the exception that those reared in this State are finer and heavier fleeced than those imported.

On my arrival, I immediately procured a number of our little diminutive native female goats, and crossed them upon a Cashmere buck. Their progeny had hair very fine, but little longer than that of the does. I again crossed the females of this progeny upon the other Cashmere buck, and it was difficult to distinguish these from the pure breed, and the subsequent cross cannot be detected. In the spring, I contemplate effecting still another cross.

I consider this a most valuable and useful experiment, as I made an arrangement with amateurs to sell pure bucks at $100, and to exchange annually, so as to furnish them with the advantages of different crosses. In ten days all the pure breeds were taken, with a demand for many more. Even the mixed kids have been readily taken by those determined to infuse their blood with their stock. In these arrangements, however, I have located them from the top of the mountains to the sea