SUBCHAPTER REFERRED TO IN OTHER SECTIONS This subchapter is referred to in sections 2702b, 5031 of this title.

§ 2981. Congressional statement of purpose.

The purpose of this subchapter is to encourage the development of special programs by which the residents of urban and rural low-income areas may, through self-help and mobilization of the community at large, with appropriate Federal assistance, improve the quality of their economic and social participation in community life in such a way as to contribute to the elimination of poverty and the establishment of permanent economic and social benefits. (Pub. L. 88-452, title VII, § 701, as added Pub. L. 92-424, § 25(a), Sept. 19, 1972, 86 Stat. 697.)

CODIFICATION

A prior section 2981, Pub. L. 88-452, title VII, § 701, Aug. 20, 1964, 78 Stat. 534; Pub. L. 89-794, title VII, § 701(a), Nov. 8, 1966, 80 Stat. 1472; Pub. L. 90-222, title I, § 109, Dec. 23, 1967, 81 Stat. 722, respecting treatment of income for certain public assistance purposes, related to provisions of State plans and withholding of payments.

PART A.-SPECIAL IMPACT PROGRAMS

§ 2982. Congressional statement of purpose.

The purpose of this part is to establish special programs of assistance to private locally initiated community corporations and related nonprofit agencies, including cooperatives, or organizations conducting activities which (1) are directed to the solution of the critical problems existing in particular communities or neighborhoods (defined without regard to political or other subdivisions or boundaries) within those urban and rural areas having concentrations or substantial numbers of low-income persons; (2) are of sufficient size, scope, and duration to have an appreciable impact in such communities, neighborhoods, and rural areas in arresting tendencies toward dependency, chronic unemployment, and community deterioration; and (3) hold forth the prospect of continuing to have such impact after the termination of financial assistance under this subchapter. (Pub. L. 88-452, title VII, § 711, as added Pub. L. 92424, § 25(a), Sept. 19, 1972, 86 Stat. 698.)

§ 2982a. Establishment of programs.

(a) Financial assistance; numerical restriction of programs; scope of programs.

The Director is authorized to provide financial assistance to community development corporations and to cooperatives and other nonprofit agencies in conjunction with qualifying community development corporations for the payment of all or part of the costs of programs which are designed to carry out the purposes of this part. Such programs shall be restricted in number so that each is of sufficient size, scope, and duration to have an appreciable impact on the area served. Such programs may include

(1) economic and business development programs, including programs which provide financial and other assistance (including equity capital) to start, expand, or locate businesses in or near the areas served so as to provide employment and ownership opportunities for residents of such areas, and program including those described in subchapter IV of this chapter for small businesses in or owned by residents of such areas;

(2) community development and housing activities which create new training, employment, and ownership opportunities and which contribute to an improved living environment; and

(3) manpower training programs for unemployed or low-income persons which support and complement economic, business, housing, and community development programs, including without limitation activities such as those described in part B of subchapter I of this chapter.

(b) Elimination of poverty; establishment of permanent economic and social benefits on equitable basis in urban and rural areas.

The Director shall conduct programs assisted under this part so as to contribute, on an equitable basis between urban and rural areas, to the elimination of poverty and the establishment of permanent economic and social benefits in such areas. (Pub. L. 88-452, title VII, § 712, as added Pub. L. 92424, § 25(a), Sept. 19, 1972, 86 Stat. 698.)

REFERENCES IN TEXT

Part B of subchapter I of this chapter, referred to in subsec. (a) (3), was repealed by Pub. L. 93-203, title VI, § 614, Dec. 28, 1973, 87 Stat. 883. See section 811 et seq. of Title 29, Labor.

SECTION REFERRED TO IN OTHER SECTIONS This section is referred to in section 2984a of this title.

§ 2982b. Financial assistance requirements. (a) Regulations; conditions.

The Director, under such regulations as he may establish, shall not provide financial assitance for any program or component project under this part unless he determines that

(1) such community development corporation is responsive to residents of the area under guidelines established by the Director;

(2) all projects and related facilities will, to the maximum feasible extent, be located in the area served;

(3) projects will, where feasible, promote the development of entrepreneurial and management skills and the ownership or participation in ownership of assisted businesses and housing, cooperatively or otherwise, by residents of the area served;

(4) projects will be planned and carried out with the maximum participation of local businessmen and financial institutions and organizations by their inclusion on program boards of directors, advisory councils, or through other appropriate means;

(5) the program will be appropriately coordinated with local planning under this chapter the Demonstration Cities and Metropolitan Development Act of 1966, and with other relevant planning for physical and human resources of the areas served;

(6) the requirements of sections 2739(e) and 2741(a) of this title have been met;

(7) preference will be given to low income or economically disadvantaged residents of the areas served in filling jobs and training opportunities; and

(8) training programs carried out in connection with projects financed under this part shall be designed wherever feasible to provide those persons

who successfully complete such training with skills which are also in demand in communities, neighborhoods, or rural areas, other than those for which programs are established under this part. (b) Relocation assistance restriction.

Financial assistance under this section shall not be extended to assist in the relocation of establishments from one location to another if such relocation would result in an increase in unemployment in the area of original location.

(c) Diminished assistance restriction.

The level of financial assistance for related purposes under this chapter to the area served by a special impact program shall not be diminished in order to substitute funds authorized by this part. (Pub. L. 88-452, title VII, § 713, as added Pub. L. 92-424, § 25 (a), Sept. 19, 1972, 86 Stat. 698.)

REFERENCES IN TEXT

For classification of the Demonstration Cities and Metropolitan Development Act of 1966, referred to in subsec. (a) (5), see Short Title note set out under section 3301 of this title.

Sections 2739 and 2741 of this title, referred to in subsec. (a) (6), were repealed by Pub. L. 93-203, title VI, § 614, Dec. 28, 1973, 87 Stat. 883. See sections 812 and 983 of Title 29, Labor.

§ 2982c. Application of other Federal resources. (a) Small Business Administration programs.

(1) Funds granted under this part which are invested, directly or indirectly, in a small business investment company or a local development company shall be included as "private paid-in capital and paid-in surplus," "combined paid-in capital and paid-in surplus," and "paid-in capital" for purposes of sections 682, 683, and 696, respectively, of Title 15. (2) Within ninety days of the enactment of the Economic Opportunity Amendments of 1972, the Administrator of the Small Business Administration, after consultation with the Director, shall prescribe such regulations as may be necessary and appropriate to insure the availability to community development corporations of such programs as shall further the purposes of this part.

(b) Economic Development Administration programs.

(1) Areas selected for assistance under this part shall be deemed "redevelopment areas" within the meaning of section 401 of the Public Works and Economic Development Act of 1965, and shall qualify for assistance under the provisions of title I and title II of that Act.

(2) Within ninety days of the enactment of the Economic Opportunity Amendments of 1972, the Secretary of Commerce, after consultation with the Director, shall prescribe such regulations as may be necessary and appropriate to insure the availability to community development corporations of such programs as shall further the purposes of this part. (c) Department of Housing and Urban Development programs,

The Secretary of Housing and Urban Development, after consultation with the Director, shall take all necessary steps (1) to assure that community development corporations assisted under this part or their subsidiaries, shall qualify as sponsors under section 106 of the Housing and Urban Development Act of

1968, and sections 221, 235, and 236 of the National Housing Act of 1949;1 (2) to assure that land for housing and business location and expansion is made available under title I of the Housing Act of 1949 as may be necessary to carry out the purposes of this part; and (3) to assure that funds are available under section 701(b) of the Housing Act of 1954 to community development corporations assisted under this part.

(d) Coordination and cooperation.

The Director shall take such steps as may be necessary and appropriate, in coordination and cooperation with the heads of other Federal departments and agencies, so that contracts, subcontracts, and deposits made by the Federal Government or in connection with programs aided with Federal funds are placed in such a way as to further the purposes of this part.

(e) Reporting on other Federal resources.

On or before six months after September 19, 1972, and annually thereafter, the Director shall submit to the Congress a detailed report setting forth a description of all Federal agency programs which he finds relevant to achieving the purposes of this part and the extent to which such programs have been made available to community development corporations receiving financial assistance under this part including specifically the availability and effectiveness of programs referred to in subsections (a), (b), and (c) of this section. Where appropriate, the report required under this subsection also shall contain recommendations for the more effective utilization of Federal agency programs for carrying out the purposes of this part. (Pub. L. 88-452, title VII, § 714, as added Pub. L. 92-424, § 25(a), Sept. 19, 1972, 86 Stat. 699.)

REFERENCES IN TEXT

Enactment of the Economic Opportunity Amendments of 1972, referred to in subsec. (a) (2) (b) (2), means the enactment of Pub. L. 92-424 which was approved Sept. 19, 1972.

Title I and title II and section 401 of the Public Works and Economic Development Act of 1965, referred to in subsec. (b) (1), are classified to sections 3131 et seq., 3141 et seq., and 3161 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare.

Section 106 of the Housing and Urban Development Act of 1968, referred to in subsec. (c), is classified to section 1701x of Title 12, Banks and Banking.

Sections 221, 235, and 236 of the National Housing Act of 1949, referred to in subsec. (c), are probably references to such sections of the National Housing Act which are classified to sections 17151, 1715z, and 1715z-1 of Title 12.

Title I of the Housing Act of 1949, referred to in subsec. (c), is classified to section 1450 et seq. of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare.

Section 701 (b) of the Housing Act of 1954, referred to in subsec. (c), is classified to section 461 (b) of Title 40, Public Buildings, Property, and Works.

§ 2982d. Federal share of program costs; non-Federal contributions; capital investments and proceeds not considered Federal property.

Federal grants to any program carried out pursuant to this part, including grants used by community development corporations for capital investments, shall (1) not exceed 90 per centum of the cost of such program including costs of administra

1 So in original. Probably should read "National Housing Act".

tion unless the Director determines that assistance in excess of such percentage is required in furtherance of the purposes of this part, and (2) be made available for deposit to the grantee, under conditions which the Director deems appropriate, within thirty days following approval by the Director and the local community development corporation of the grant agreement. Non-Federal contributions may be in cash or in kind, fairly evaluated, including but not limited to plant, equipment, and services. Capital investments made with funds granted as a result of the Federal share of the costs of programs carried out under this part, and the proceeds from such capital investments, shall not be considered Federal property. (Pub. L. 88-452, title VII, § 715, as added Pub. L. 92-424, § 25 (a), Sept. 19, 1972, 86 Stat. 700.)

PART B.-RURAL PROGRAMS

§ 2983. Congressional statement of purpose.

It is the purpose of this part to meet the special economic needs of rural communities or areas with concentrations or substantial numbers of low-income persons by providing support to self-help programs which promote economic development and independence, as a supplement to existing similar programs conducted by other departments and agencies of the Federal Government. Such programs should encourage low-income families to pool their talents and resources so as to create and expand rural economic enterprise. (Pub. L. 88-452, title VII, § 721, as added Pub. L. 92-424, § 25(a), Sept. 19, 1972, 86 Stat. 700.)

§ 2983a. Financial assistance.

(a) Low-income rural families; amount.

The Director is authorized to provide financial assistance, including loans having a maximum maturity of 15 years and in amounts not resulting in an aggregate principal indebtedness of more than $3,500 at any one time, to any low-income rural family where, in the judgment of the Director, such financial assistance has a reasonable possibility of effecting a permanent increase in the income of such families, or will contribute to the improvement of their living or housing conditions, by assisting or permitting them to

(1) acquire or improve real estate or reduce encumbrances or erect improvements thereon;

(2) operate or improve the operation of farms not larger than family sized, including but not limited to the purchase of feed, seed, fertilizer, livestock, poultry, and equipment; or

(3) participate in cooperative associations, or to finance nonagricultural enterprises which will enable such families to supplement their income. (b) Local cooperative associations in rural areas; defrayable costs.

The Director is authorized to provide financial assistance to local cooperative associations in rural areas containing concentrations or substantial numbers of low-income persons for the purpose of defraying all or part of the costs of establishing and operating cooperative programs for farming, purchasing, marketing, processing, and to improve their income as producers and their purchasing power as consumers, and to provide such essentials as credit

and health services. Costs which may be defrayed shall include but not be limited to

(1) administrative costs of staff and overhead; (2) costs of planning and developing new enterprises;

(3) costs of acquiring technical assistance; and (4) initial capital where it is determined by the Director that the poverty of the families participating in the program and the social conditions of the rural area require such assistance. (Pub. L. 88-452, title VII, § 722, as added Pub. L. 92-424, § 25(a), Sept. 19, 1972, 86 Stat. 700.)

SECTION REFERRED TO IN OTHER SECTIONS This section is referred to in section 2984a of this title. § 2983b. Limitations on assistance.

(a) No financial assistance shall be provided under this part unless the Director determines that

(1) any cooperative association receiving assistance has a minimum of fifteen active members, a majority of which are low-income rural persons;

(2) adequate technical assistance is made available and committed to the programs being supported;

(3) such financial assistance will materially further the purposes of this part; and

(4) the applicant is fulfilling or will fulfill a need for services, supplies, or facilities which is otherwise not being met.

(b) The level of financial assistance for related purposes under this chapter to the area served by a program under this part shall not be diminished in order to substitute funds authorized by this part. (Pub. L. 88-452, title VII, § 723, as added Pub. L. 92-424, § 25(a), Sept. 19, 1972, 86 Stat. 701.)

PART C.-Support PROGRAMS

§ 2984. Training and technical assistance.

(a) The Director shall provide directly or through grants, contracts, or other arrangements such technical assistance and training of personnel as may be required to effectively implement the purposes of this subchapter. No financial assistance shall be provided to any public or private organization under this section unless the Director provides the beneficiaries of these services with opportunity to participate in the selection of and to review the quality and utility of the services furnished them by such organization.

(b) Technical assistance to community development corporations and both urban and rural cooperatives may include planning, management, legal, preparation of feasibility studies, product development, marketing, and the provision of stipends to encourage skilled professionals to engage in fulltime activities under the direction of a community organization financially assisted under this subchapter.

(c) Training for employees of community development corporations and for employees and members of urban and rural cooperatives shall include, but not be limited to, on-the-job training, classroom instruction, and scholarships to assist them in development, managerial, entrepreneurial, planning, and other technical and organizational skills which

will contribute to the effectiveness of programs assisted under this subchapter. (Pub L. 88-452, title VII, § 731, as added Pub. L. 92-424, § 25(a), Sept. 19, 1972, 86 Stat. 701.)

§ 2984a. Development Loan Fund.

(a) Authorization of loans, guarantees, or other financial assistance; eligible persons; conditions; interest rate; repayment period.

The Director is authorized to make or guarantee loans (either directly or in cooperation with banks or other organizations through agreements to participate on an immediate or deferred basis) to community development corporations and to cooperatives eligible for financial assistance under section 2982a of this title, to families under section 2983a (a) of this title, and to local cooperatives eligible for financial assistance under section 2983a (b) of this title for business, housing, and community development projects who the Director determines will carry out the purposes of this subchapter. No loans, guarantees, or other financial assistance shall be provided under this section unless the Director determines that

(1) there is reasonable assurance of repayment of the loan;

(2) a loan is not otherwise available on reasonable terms from private sources or other Federal, State, or local programs; and

(3) the amount of the loan, together with other funds available, is adequate to assure completion of the project or achievement of the purposes for which the loan is made.

Loans made by the Director pursuant to this section shall bear interest at a rate not less than a rate determined by the Secretary of the Treasury taking into consideration the average market yield on outstanding Treasury obligations of comparable maturity, plus such additional charge, if any, toward covering other costs of the program as the Director may determine to be consistent with its purposes, except that, for the five years following the date on which funds are initially available to the borrower, the rate of interest shall be set at a rate considered appropriate by the Director in light of the particular needs of the borrower, which rate shall not be lower than 1 per centum. All such loans shall be repayable within a period of not more than thirty years. (b) Adjustments of interest rate; moratoriums on repayment; collection or compromise of obligations; other administrative actions.

The Director is authorized to adjust interest rates, grant moratoriums on repayment of principal and interest, collect or compromise any obligations held by him, and to take such other actions in respect to such loans as he shall determine to be necessary or appropriate, consistent with the purposes of this section.

(c) Establishment of Development Loan Fund; expenditure of capital; Rural Development Loan Fund Account, deposits of Director; Community Development Loan Fund Account, deposits of Director and Secretary.

(1) To carry out the lending and guaranty function authorized under this part, there shall be established a Development Loan Fund consisting of two separate accounts, one of which shall be a re

volving fund called the Rural Development Loan Fund and the other of which shall be a revolving fund called the Community Development Loan Fund. The capital of each such revolving fund shall remain available until expended.

(2) The Rural Development Loan Fund shall consist of such amounts as may be deposited in such Fund by the Director out of funds made available from appropriations for the purposes of carrying out this subchapter.

(3) The Community Development Loan Fund shall consist of such amounts as may be deposited in such fund by the Director out of funds made available from appropriations for the purpose of carrying out this subchapter. The Secretary may make deposits in the Community Development Loan Fund in any fiscal year in which he has made available for grants to community development corporations not less than $60,000,000 out of funds made available from appropriations for the purpose of carrying out this subchapter. (Pub. L. 88-452, title VII, § 732, as added Pub. L. 92-424, § 25(a), Sept. 19, 1972, 86 Stat. 702.) § 2984b. Evaluation and research; report to Congress.

(a) Each program for which grants are made under this subchapter shall provide for a thorough evaluation of the effectiveness of the program in achieving its purposes, which evaluation shall be conducted by such public or private organizations as the Director may designate, and all or part of the costs of evaluation may be paid from funds appropriated to carry out this part. The results of such evaluations, together with the Director's findings and recommendations concerning the program, shall be included in the report required by section 2948 of this title.

(b) The Director shall conduct, either directly or through grants or other arrangements, research designed to suggest new programs and policies to achieve the purposes of this subchapter in such ways as to provide opportunities for employment, ownership, and a better quality of life for low-income residents. The Director shall particularly investigate the feasibility and most appropriate manner of establishing development banks and similar institutions and shall report to the Congress on his research findings and recommendations not later than June 30, 1973. (Pub. L. 88-452, title VII, § 733, as added Pub. L. 92-424, § 25(a), Sept. 19, 1972, 86 Stat. 703.)

PART D.-GENERAL PROVISION

§ 2985. Program duration and authority.

The Director shall carry out programs provided for in this subchapter during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1972, and for the three succeeding fiscal years. For each fiscal year only such sums may be appropriated as the Congress may authorize by law. (Pub. L. 88-452, title VII, § 741, as added Pub. L. 92424, § 25(a), Sept. 19, 1972, 86 Stat. 703.)

SUBCHAPTER VIII.-VOLUNTEERS IN SERVICE TO AMERICA

§ 2991. Repealed. Pub. L. 93–113, title VI, § 603, Oct. 1, 1973, 87 Stat. 417.

Section, Pub. L. 88-452, title VIII, § 801, as added Pub. L. 89-794, title VIII, § 801, Nov. 8, 1966, 80 Stat. 1472,

and amended Pub. L. 90-222, title I, § 110, Dec. 23, 1967, 81 Stat. 722; Pub. L. 92-424, § 26 (a), Sept. 19, 1972, 86 Stat. 703, related to Congressional statement of purpose, and is now covered by section 4951 of this title.

S$ 2992 to 2992b. Repealed. Pub. L. 93–113, title VI, § 603, Oct. 1, 1973, 87 Stat. 417.

Section 2992, Pub. L. 88-452, title VIII, § 810, as added Pub. L. 90-222, title I, § 110, Dec. 23, 1967, 81 Stat. 722, related to authority to establish full-time programs.

Section 2992a, Pub. L. 88-452, title VIII, § 811, as added Pub. L. 90-222, title I, § 110, Dec. 23, 1967, 81 Stat. 723, and amended Pub. L. 92-424, § 26(b), Sept. 19, 1972, 86 Stat. 703, related to terms of service, providing in: subsec. (a) for commitment to full-time service; subsec. (b) for oneyear enrollment and shorter enrollment for volunteer associates; and subsec. (c) for oath or affirmation.

Section 2992b, Pub. L. 88-452, title VIII, § 812, as added Pub. L. 90-222, title I, § 110, Dec. 23, 1967, 81 Stat. 723, related to support of full-time volunteers, providing in: subsec. (a) for stipend and allowances; subsec. (b) for payment upon completion of term and advancement of accrued stipend; and subsec. (c) for counseling.

Such former provisions are now covered by various sections as follows:

REORGANIZATION PLAN NO. 1 OF 1971

Eff. July 1, 1971, 36 F.R. 11181, 85 Stat. 819. Prepared by the President and transmitted to the Senate and the House of Representatives in Congress assembled March 24, 1971, pursuant to the provisions of chapter 9 of title 5 of the United States Code.

REORGANIZATION OF CERTAIN VOLUNTEER
PROGRAMS

SECTION 1. ESTABLISHMENT OF AGENCY [Superseded. Pub. L. 93-113, title VI, § 601(a), Oct. 1, 1973, 87 Stat. 416. Section established the "Action" Agency and is now covered by section 5041 of this title.]

SEC. 2. TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS

(a) [Superseded. Pub. L. 93-113, title VI, § 601(a), Oct. 1, 1973, 87 Stat. 416. Subsec. (a) transferred to the Director of Action the functions of the Director of the Office of Economic Opportunity under sections 2991 to 2994d of this title, the functions of the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare under sections 3044 to 3044e of this title, the functions of the Small Business Administration under section 637(b) of Title 15, and other functions incidental to or necessary for the performance of the foregoing functions, including functions conferred upon the Director of the Office of Economic Opportunity by section 2941 of this title. Subject matter is now covered by section 4951 et seq. and provisions set out as a note under section 5041 of this title.]

(b) The function conferred upon the Director of the Peace Corps by section 4(c) (4) of the Peace Corps Act, as amended (22 U.S.C. 2503 (c) (4)), is hereby transferred to the President of the United States.

SEC. 3. PERFORMANCE OF TRANSFERRED FUNCTIONS [Superseded. Pub. L. 93-113, title VI, § 601(c), Oct. 1, 1973, 87 Stat. 416. Section related to performance of transferred functions and is now covered by section 5042 and provisions set out as a note under section 5041 of this title.]

SEC. 4. INCIDENTAL TRANSFERS

[Superseded. Pub. L. 93-113, title VI, § 601(c), Oct. 1, 1973, 87 Stat. 416. Section related to incidental transfers and is now covered by section 5044 and provisions set out as a note under section 5041 of this title.]

SEC. 5. INTERIM OFFICERS

(a) The President may authorize any person who immediately prior to the effective date of this reorganization plan held a position in the executive branch of the Government to act as Director of Action until the office of Director is for the first time filled pursuant to the provisions of this reorganization plan or by recess appointment, as the case may be.

(b) The President may similarly authorize any such person to act as Deputy Director, authorize any such person to act as Associate Director, and authorize any such person to act as the head of any principal constituent organizational entity of Action.

(c) The President may authorize any person who serves in an acting capacity under the foregoing provisions of this section to receive the compensation attached to the office in respect of which he so serves. Such compensation, if authorized, shall be in lieu of, but not in addition to, other compensation from the United States to which such person may be entitled.

SEC. 6. EFFECTIVE DATE

The provisions of this reorganization plan shall take effect as provided by section 906(a) of title 5 of the United States Code, or on July 1, 1971, whichever is later. MESSAGE OF THE PRESIDENT

To the Congress of the United States:

America is a nation unique in the political history of the world. More than any other nation, it is the sum of the energies and efforts of all of its people. The American tradition of voluntary involvement of freely committing one's time and talents in the search for civic improvement and social progress gives an extra dimension to the meaning of democracy. In the past decade, the Federal Government has built on this tradition by developing channels for joining the spirit of voluntary citizen service in America with public needs, both domestically and abroad. Many of these efforts have had marked success. But the circumstances in which these efforts were conceived have changed.

National and international needs have altered. The opportunities for voluntary service must be adapted and improved to meet these new needs.

Recognizing that private channels of voluntary action are a vital source of strength in our national life, I have supported the establishment and development of the National Center for Voluntary Action. The National Center is a private, non-profit partner in the effort to generate and encourage volunteer service. The Center works to promote the establishment of local Voluntary Action Centers, as well as to assist in the expansion of voluntary action organizations already in existence. It stimulates voluntary action by providing information on successful voluntary efforts, and it assists in directing those who wish to volunteer services to areas and endeavors in which their services are needed.

The National Center for Voluntary Action is functioning now to fill a vital need in the private voluntary sector. Now we must turn our attention to bringing government volunteer programs into line with new national priorities and new opportunities for meeting those priorities. We must take full advantage of the lessons of the past decade, and we must build on the experience of that period if we are to realize the full potential of voluntary citizen service. This is no longer a matter of choice. We cannot afford to misuse or ignore the considerable talents and energies of our people. In the coming years, the continued progress of our society is going to depend increasingly upon the willingness of more Americans to participate in voluntary service and upon our ability to channel their service effectively.

One matter of consequence to the problems of properly channeling volunteer services and expanding government's role in the development of volunteer resources is the proliferation of government volunteer programs. It was perhaps inevitable that there programs would be generated almost at random across the spectrum of government concern for human needs. This occurred in a period when the Federal Government was still attempting to define its relationship with, and its purposes in, the area of voluntary service. Now the role of government has been confirmed and its responsibilities and obligations are