Birth of Humour-Personalities-Story of Hippocleides- Origin of Comedy-Archilochus-Hipponax-Democri- tus, the Laughing Philosopher-Aristophanes-Humour of the Senses-Indelicacy-Enfeeblement of the Drama- Roman Comedy-Plautus-Acerbity-Terence-Satire- Lucilius-Horace-Humour of the Cæsar Family-Cicero -Augustus-Persius-Petronius — Juvenal — Martial- Epigrammatist-Lucian-Apuleius--Julian the Apostate Relapse of Civilization in the Middle Ages-Stagnation of Mind-Scarcity of Books-Character of reviving Litera- ture-Religious Writings-Fantastic Legends-Influence Origin of Modern Comedy-Ecclesiastical Buffoonery- Jougleurs and Minstrels-Court Fools-Monks' Stories- HISTORY OF ENGLISH HUMOUR. PRELIMINARY OBSERVATIONS. Subjective Character of the Ludicrous-The Subject little Studied-Obstacles to the Investigation-Evanescence -Mental Character of the Ludicrous-Distinction between Humour and the Ludicrous. HE ludicrous is in its character so elusive ΤΗ and protean, and the field over which it extends is so vast, that few have ever undertaken the task of examining it systematically. Many philosophers and literary men have made. passing observations upon it, but most writers are content to set it down as one of those things which cannot be understood, and care not to study and grapple with a subject which promises small results in return for considerable toil. Moreover, the inquiry does not seem sufficiently important to warrant the expenditure of much time upon it, and there has always been a great tendency among learned men to underrate the emotional feelings of our nature. Thus it VOL. I. B comes to pass that a much larger amount of our labour has been expended upon inquiring into physical and intellectual constitution than upon the inner workings of our passions and sentiments, for our knowledge of which, though affecting our daily conduct, we are mostly indebted to the representations of poets and novelists. Beattie well observes that nothing is below the attention of a philosopher which the Author of Nature has been pleased to establish. Investigations of this kind would not be unrewarded, nor devoid of a certain amount of interest; and I think that in the present subject we can, by perseverance, penetrate a little distance into an almost untrodden and apparently barren region, and if we cannot reach the source from whence the bright waters spring, can at least obtain some more accurate information about the surrounding country. Notwithstanding all the obstructions and discouragements in the way of this investigation a few great men have given it a certain amount of attention. Aristotle informs us in his "Rhetoric" that he has dealt fully with the subject in his Poetics, and although the treatise is unfortunately lost, some annotations remain which show that it was of a comprehensive character. Cicero and Quintilian in their instructions in Oratory, made the study of humour |