COAL The CHAIRMAN. Do they need to import much coal? Mr. GRISWOLD. All they use. The CHAIRMAN. They do? Mr. GRISWOLD. Yes, sir; and all the oil they use. Mr. GRISWOLD. No, sir. LIGNITE The CHAIRMAN. The ECA has it set up that they are going to produce a considerable quantity of coal. Mr. GRISWOLD. They have some lignite coal there, but it is not a major item in their economy. The CHAIRMAN. Petroleum is entirely an import item? Mr. GRISWOLD. That is right. The CHAIRMAN. Do they need to have, outside of what the military supplies, a very large amount of petroleum products above the prewar picture? Mr. GRISWOLD. The railroads are in very bad condition, and I think a much larger part of the tonnage is carried by truck than it was prewar, which would mean more petroleum, but probably less coal. do not know how it runs in dollars ultimately, but the railroads are not carrying the freight that they did. The railroad between Athens and Salonika is not operating and will not be operating this year. TIMBER The CHAIRMAN. Do they need to import a good deal of timber, or is that something they can get on their own hook? Mr. GRISWOLD. No, sir; they have to import it. Mr. McGHEE. They were systematically exploited during the war for timber by the Germans. Mr. GRISWOLD. The Germans brought in no coal, and they cut down the trees and burned them. There are mountains entirely bare of trees that were well covered with them 10 years ago. FINISHED STEEL The CHAIRMAN. Do they need to have a lot of finished steel in there? What do they use it for? Mr. GRISWOLD. By finished steel, you mean the parts already made up? The CHAIRMAN. No; finished steel. Mr. GRISWOLD. That goes into industry. The CHAIRMAN. Do they have an industry that uses that finished steel? Mr. GRISWOLD. It is rather small, but it is important in Greece. They make plows and they make a lot of things. They have a steel industry there. 74508-48-pt. 2- -40 Mr. McGEHEE. We have been able to cut off a lot of things from the supply program which it has been discovered the Greeks could make if they get this steel. TRUCKS The CHAIRMAN. What about trucks? Mr. GRISWOLD. They do not make any trucks. The CHAIRMAN. They are all imported? Mr. GRISWOLD. Yes; they are all imported. The CHAIRMAN. Do they need a lot of them, are they awfully short of them? Mr. GRISWOLD. I cannot answer that. I think we are importing a large number of busses, or we want to. It has been kind of held up. Was it not 1,000 or 1,500 busses that we need for transportation? The truck situation depends on the military situation. They undoubtedly need trucks because the roads are bad, and they are pretty hard on trucks. WOOL YARN The CHAIRMAN. The wool yarn situation you talked to us about, did you not? Mr. GRISWOLD. Yes, sir; they raise quite a lot of wool there, but not enough for what they need. The CHAIRMAN. But you would feel that they could take the raw wool and do it up themselves rather than import the cloth? Mr. GRISWOLD. Yes, sir. That is on the Army uniforms which were referred to. COTTON The CHAIRMAN. And they could do the same thing with cotton, could they? Mr. GRISWOLD. Yes, sir. FISH The CHAIRMAN. Why would they need to import fish? Can they not go out and catch them themselves? Mr. GRISWOLD. That is one of the things that amazed me most when I reached Greece. With water all around the country it is unbelieyable that they do not catch enough fish with which to supply their own needs, but the facts are that they do not do it, and they never have done it. The water around Greece is not particularly productive, and then they are very short of fishing boats which we are trying to furnish to them. The CHAIRMAN. They were not using what they had when I was over there. Mr. GRISWOLD. No, sir; but those are in use now. That was a matter of 10 or a dozen boats even then, but the water around there is not very productive of fish. I do not know why. Seemingly there was a survey made, not a Government survey, but a private group made a survey of the bottom or floor of the ocean there, and I think, really, that there is so much rock, at the bottom of the Aegean, and perhaps, of the Adriatic too that it just does not raise the food. It is too rocky and, seemingly, there is not the food for the fish in that area of the Mediterranean; that is, the supply does not compare with the supply in other areas. I was amazed when I got there. I thought you would just have fish thrown at you in every direction, and that they would be very cheap, but it just is not true. The CHAIRMAN. Mr. Stefan, do you have any questions? Mr. STEFAN. No, Mr. Chairman. The CHAIRMAN. Judge Kerr? Mr. KERR. I have no questions, Mr. Chairman. (Discussion off the record.) Mr. STEFAN. I would like to have the record show, Judge Kerr, that since you and I have been on the committee together over a period of 14 years I have learned more about the nutritious value of peanuts and the value of peanuts as a food from you than from any other individual I have ever had the honor of being acquainted with, and I for one want to thank you for the things you have told me about peanuts and their value as far as food for human and animal consumption is concerned. Mr. KERR. Compared to the great many things that you have helped me with I consider that the information I have furnished you is very small. (Discussion off the record.) Mr. STEFAN. Now, Governor, we have held you a long time. We are going to adjourn this meeting until 2 o'clock this afternoon. We do not believe it will be necessary for you to be present this afternoon. We will have the military members of the Greek mission. up here at 2 o'clock, and we will adjourn the meeting until 2 o'clock. Mr. GRISWOLD. I did not have any figures or any papers when I came here. I have just been talking offhand, and if you want any detailed information I will try to get it for you. Mr. STEFAN. I would like to have the record show, before we adjourn, that the Governor has been here for 2 days and he has been talking to this committee extemporaneously. After he has spent only 10 months in Greece, I know the members of the committee will agree with me that we are amazed at the knowledge that he has at his fingertips, at the figures, the statistics, and the historical information about Greece that he has acquired in this short length of time, and he has talked to us without even referring to one note. I do hope that our good fortune will be such that the Government of the United States will continue to take advantage of the great services of my former Governor of Nebraska. We will adjourn now until 2 o'clock. Mr. GRISWOLD. Thank you. If you want me at any time, I will be here for a week, and will be available. COST OF MULES The CHAIRMAN. What can you tell us about those mules? Colonel DAVIS. As I indicated the other day, I was of the opinion at that time that the prices listed in table F that we were referring to at the time included the transportation cost of mules, and that was correct. The CHAIRMAN. That was correct? Colonel DAVIS. Yes, sir; it included the transportation cost. I have since obtained the actual cost, or the estimated cost-because it would have to be estimated, because the actual purchase has not been made as to the price of mules and horses, the transportation cost. The CHAIRMAN. Tell us what it is. Colonel DAVIS. For the mules, it is $181.93. That 93 cents might sound funny, as far as being an estimated cost, but that is based on prices at which they have been able to obtain mules during the program. For horses, it is $175. The transportation for each is $300.88. Those are the actual figures as of this year's program. The person who made up the estimates and entered these figures in the table is not present, but it stands to reason when this person asked what the total cost of the 1,500 mules and 200 horses delivered in Greece would be, he was told $649,390, and apparently he must have divided 1,700 into that figure and gotten the $382 figure, because it does give that, and he used that figure for both. The CHAIRMAN. They have plenty of horses over there, have they not? Colonel DAVIS. We sent 800 during last year. Yes, sir. The CHAIRMAN. You sent 800, but they have plenty of horses over there, have they not? Colonel DAVIS. Not in the hands of the Army. The CHAIRMAN. But the country has a substantial quantity? Mr. McGHEE. That is similar to the question we discussed before lunch. The animal population of Greece, including horses, was decimated during the war. The CHAIRMAN. It may be decimated, but it was not wiped out, or anything of that character, and they had a very substantial number and have been building them back since, have they not? Mr. McGHEE. They are doing it as fast as they can, but it is a pretty slow process. Of course, we have an artificial-insemination program to help build the cattle back, but the horse population, I am certain, is nothing like it was prewar. The CHAIRMAN. What about mules? Mr. McGHEE. I am sure the same thing would apply. The Germans, of course, took them, and many were killed during the occupation. RADIO STATIONS The CHAIRMAN. In annex 6, page 2, you have a big item in there. You have a lot of radio stations in there, do you not? Colonel CRAWFORD. Yes, sir; those two items are radio station. The CHAIRMAN. Why do you need those 1,700 radio stations? Do not they have any there now? Colonel CRAWFORD. They have had British radio equipment, and we are trying to replace it with American, and there sets go to the higher echelons. We have smaller sets for divisions and companies. These sets will be used at corps, district, and Army headquarters. The CHAIRMAN. Why could they not use the ones they have? Colonel CRAWFORD. They do not have these large sets. They have been using the small sets of the British, and the most of those were worn out last fall. They were having signal trouble last fall. The CHAIRMAN. You mean they are sending sets? Colonel CRAWFORD. Yes; I looked at quite a few of the British sets, and they are worn out more than it would be worth to bring them back into use. The repairs would cost more than new sets. The British sets are worn out. The CHAIRMAN. How many stations do they have there? A station will cover 50 or 60 miles in radius, will it not? Colonel CRAWFORD. That is correct, sir. The CHAIRMAN. Well, you do not need more than six or seven stations in the whole country, then, do you? Colonel CRAWFORD. They need them just at the higher headquarters now. There is a high headquarters and three corps-that is four setsand the districts. There are 12 districts. The smaller units working out of the higher headquarters use the smaller sets with a smaller radius. MILITARY PROGRAM The CHAIRMAN. With reference to the military program, you can put this table into the record. (The table is as follows:). Military program-itemization of appropriation request The CHAIRMAN. This quartermaster business is all rations and clothing? Colonel DAVIS. Rations, clothing, individual equipment, and so forth. MEDICAL SERVICE The CHAIRMAN. On the medical picture, your allotment is on a great deal larger basis for 1949 than the actual was for 1948. Your actual is not running anything like what you had allocated to it. Colonel DAVIS. That is right-tentatively allocated to it. |