it is dry, and they wear the rims off the wheels of the disk plows. So that we have to send them our very heaviest types of disks and equipments to go with the heavy tractors, and, of course, those are in short supply in the United States. But, as the other witnesses have said, they no doubt can use the equipment to advantage.

UNITED KINGDOM

The CHAIRMAN. What can you tell us about the United Kingdom picture? Are these figures fairly dependable?

Mr. OGDON. I believe their imports of tractors were pretty high in

1947.

Is not that correct, Mr. Beck?

The CHAIRMAN. What did you send them?

Mr. BECK. Only 1,702 in 1947, of which 1,041 were wheel, 2 were garden, and 659 were crawlers.

The CHAIRMAN. What did you do in 1946.

Mr. BECK. Total, 261; 104 wheel, 2 garden, and 155 crawlers.
In 1939, the picture is very different, however.

The CHAIRMAN. How much?

Mr. BECK. Total 5,355; 4,464 wheel, no garden, and 891 crawlers. The CHAIRMAN. How about their own production? Is it probable they produced 30,000 tractors in 1946 and 60,000 in 1947?

Mr. BECK. At the time this was made up, they may have been up to that.

Mr. BRODELL. I think they did.

The CHAIRMAN. Do they expect to do 90,000 in 1948?

Mr. BECK. They claim to be up to their schedule of increase. Mr. BRODELL. They may even produce more than that in 1948. The CHAIRMAN. They really do not need much from the outside. Mr. BRODELL. No. The only thing they are getting is the types of tractors they do not produce over there.

The CHAIRMAN. What about the farm-machinery picture?

Mr. BRODELL. That is pretty much the same picture as the tractor picture. They get combines and things like that, of which they have no domestic production.

The CHAIRMAN. That is about all they are getting?

Mr. BRODELL. That is right.

GERMANY

The CHAIRMAN. Are these figures anywhere near the mark for Germany?

Mr. OGDON. No; it does not look as though the 1947 figure is near the mark.

The CHAIRMAN. What can you tell us about that? They did not get any tractors except what we sent them, did they, and maybe what Britain sent them?

Mr. BRODELL. They did not get any imports at all in 1947.

Mr. BECK. We show no imports in 1946 and 1947 and very little in 1939.

The CHAIRMAN. Is there any use of sending tractors over there? Mr. OGDON. Not after they get their industry going.

The CHAIRMAN. They produce tractors enough to take care of their own requirements ordinarily, or they used to, anyway; did they not?

75408-48-pt. 1-37

Mr. OGDON. That is right. It is estimated their tractor production may be 16,000 units a year after the industry is restored, but their bottleneck is in supply.

Mr. BECK. Their factories are in bad shape, too, physically. A lot of them still have no roofs on them.

The CHAIRMAN. Do they have any production at all?

Mr. OGDON. A little bit. They are producing some plows.

The CHAIRMAN. But no tractors?

Mr. OGDON. They are repairing some tractors, but if they are turning out tractors it is very small amounts daily. One of our American manufacturers did have a plant there.

Mr. BECK. That was International Harvester.

Mr. OGDON. Yes; and they tell me it is in very bad shape and they are not operating but about 10 percent, perhaps.

The CHAIRMAN. Do we need to send 2,300 over there?

Mr. BECK. I do not believe originally the bizonal authorities wanted us to ask for any. It was a question of the use to which their factories will be devoted. They will not be able to make the spare parts that are needed practically all over Europe to put German-made machinery back into operation. So it looked like many more tractors would be put into use in Europe if the Germans imported some from here. Originally it was only intended to use what they could make themselves.

Mr. STEFAN. Perhaps the colonel can tell us about that.

Colonel BLUMENFELD. I know what their plan is. They plan to make 40,000 tractors in 1948 and 1949, and they plan to make a considerable amount of hand tools and farm equipment, but I do not have the actual production now. I hope to have that in a cable to come back from General Clay. They have been making some things, and I notice here in the last export report that they have exported some of those items in the last 2 months to other countries of Europe.

The CHAIRMAN. Are there any further questions on tractors and general agricultural machinery? If not, we will go to the coal-mining machinery.

COAL-MINING MACHINERY

Mr. WIGGLESWORTH. I understand this item of coal-mining machinery is a portion of the item 47, which is entitled "Other machinery." Mr. WILCOX. That is right.

Mr. WIGGLESWORTH. Do you have any table in terms of availability for coal-mining machinery?

Mr. WILCOX. At the bottom of that same page I gave you are the percentages of the total program 1948-49 which we figured up dollarwise. We did not realize this figure of $81,000,000 would be broken down that way for the first period.

Mr. WIGGLESWORTH. This table you have given us does not show a total production for this country, does it?

Mr. WILCOX. No, sir. The second table does for the whole program.

Mr. WIGGLESWORTH. Well, the table I am asking you if you have it is a table which shows production, imports, total supply, domestic needs exports, to all countries and to ERP countries.

Mr. WILCOX. Mr. Chairman, this type of information is not available specifically for these items, but I have selected some of the

items on which I have that information. Those, unfortunately, are not the same as the basic figures, because they are ECO figures instead of ECA figures.

Mr. WIGGLESWORTH. If we are going to take up this item separately, it seems to me we ought to have some statement along the lines I just suggested, comparable to what we have had with respect to other items.

Mr. NITZE. I think it might be helpful if Mr. Wilcox could give the over-all picture as to what is included in this statement.

GENERAL STATEMENT

Mr. WIGGLESWORTH. Do you have a general statement as to that, Mr. Wilcox?

Mr. WILCOX. These programs are essentially an extension of the WPB program to expend coal production. They are quite technical, because of the highly specialized nature of the work, and this was really a combination of extensions of the series of programs set up originally by WPB in order to expand coal production, both underground and surface, first, in order to obtain coal for the invasion, and, secondly, to get the French, Belgian, and other mines after VE-day back into production as rapidly as they could, because of the importance of coal not only for the health and welfare of those countries. but for their utilities, transportation, and so forth.

The CHAIRMAN. You have been on that program all that time? Mr. WILCOX. I have, sir.

PROGRESS OF COAL PRODUCTION IN VARIOUS COUNTRIES

The CHAIRMAN. Tell us of its progress to that date.

Mr. WILCOX. I think the French and Belgian mines have been very successful, although there is still plenty of room for improvement, first, probably, because of the need for technical advice, and, second, the shortage not only of manpower but of food, housing, and all of those problems.

I think probably the British production is not favorable, and there, again, it is a combination of technical reasons as well as labor difficulties and other problems related to the situation in general in the United Kingdom.

The CHAIRMAN. You mean it has been impossible to get coalmining machinery set up in the United Kingdom to any substantial extent?

Mr. WILCOX. To an extent which we in this country would think desirable. That is true.

The CHAIRMAN. You really have gotten only a couple of mines equipped-not much more than that?

Mr. WILCOX. A little more than that.

The CHAIRMAN. Well, that is about it. I was there.

Mr. WILCOX. The difficulties are a combination of a lack of technical ability and a lack of adaptation of American equipment and methods to their mining. It is a combination of technical problems and equipment.

That is a pretty long story to try to cover in a few moments.
The CHAIRMAN. What is the progress in France and Belgium?

Mr. WILCOX. Very satisfactory. In France, I think the production of equipment has been very satisfactory. I think France was 128 percent of their prewar production, despite the continued labor shortage, food shortage, housing and transportation shortages.

In Belgium it is about that, and in Holland it is even better.

The CHAIRMAN. The German picture has not yielded to this sort of thing?

Mr. WILCOX. It has not been tried in the same way.

The CHAIRMAN. You have not tried it?

Mr. WILCOX. It has not been tried effectively.

The CHAIRMAN. What does that mean?

Mr. WILCOX. There are two ways in which, technically, the German mines could be expanded substantially. One would be to encourage German engineers in the use of German equipment and techniques; the other would be to bring in American techniques, insofar as they are applicable, or perhaps a combination of both would be much better.

The CHAIRMAN. Do they have German machinery for this particular purpose?

Mr. WILCOX. For some of their properties, they have proved very successful, but only to a limited type of property. They need some American machines. There is no doubt the German machines could also be expanded-not only the production of machines but the production of coal-in other properties where those machines could be used, which is very important.

The CHAIRMAN. You mean some of those machines might work better in England than ours?

Mr. WILCOX. That is, sir, a great controversial question. It has been discussed, but I think that may not be true. There are a few sites in England where I think the German machines would be successful.

The CHAIRMAN. There are a few?

Mr. WILCOX. There are a few. But the British difficulty is transportation.

The CHAIRMAN. The difference is in the types of mines they have to deal with?

Mr. WILCOX. Yes.

The CHAIRMAN. And the shapes of the veins?

Mr. WILCOX. And the thinness and the depth and the transportation system. The British are stopped by their transportation system and the difficulties of improving it. They would not be able to use the high-capacity German machines, because they could not get the coal away if they did mine it.

The CHAIRMAN. In other words, the veins are so thin that they cannot use it?

Mr. WILCOX. The openings are so thin.

The CHAIRMAN. The openings have not been developed as they went along?

Mr. WILCOX. Not on that scale.

The CHAIRMAN. In such a way as to allow the ready movement of the coal?

Mr. WILCOX. On that scale, the large-capacity machines do not function. They cannot get the stuff away from the face at the rate they mine it.

The CHAIRMAN. And the enlargement of those openings would be an elaborate job?

Mr. WILCOX. It certainly would.

The CHAIRMAN. And might be impossible?

Mr. WILCOX. The whole thing should be reengineered, possiblynew openings made and entirely new operating sites. But that is a pretty complicated question, too, and the British might not like it.

VALUE OF EQUIPMENT UNDER PROGRAM

The CHAIRMAN. How much money is involved in this job?

Mr. WILCOX. The amount from the United States, the amount of equipment to come from the United States in this first 15 months period is only 81.9 million dollars, but the total program of the whole period is approximately $207,000,000.

The CHAIRMAN. $207,000,000 to go into the whole of this ERP set-up?

Mr. WILCOX. Yes.

The CHAIRMAN. Mostly for Britain, France, Belgium, and perhaps Germany?

Mr. WILCOX. Luxemburg, Belgium, Holland, the Netherlands, and Germany. There is a trickle to other countries, but very slight.

There is one more point, that is, the total production of machinery, which is much more important. This figure we gave you is only about 5 to 6 percent of the total production of machinery necessary for the rehabilitation of the coal machinery program of these countries. They are going to produce the most of thier machinery locally, themselves, according to their plan. In other words, the part coming from the United States runs 5 to 6 percent.

RATES OF UNITED STATES PRODUCTION TO REQUIREMENTS OF
PARTICIPATING COUNTRIES

Mr. WIGGLESWORTH. I do not understand table 4, where you have, for instance, scraper conveyors, 24.3 percent of the United States production; coal cutters, 22.5 percent; loaders, 44.4 percent; and belt conveyors, 182 percent.

Mr. WILCOX. That has very definitely been found to be erroneousthe original requirements-and at present there is a task committee investigating belting requirements at Geneva now, and they have indicated those figures should be substantially reduced, probably by one-third, but they have not come in with a final figure.

Mr. WIGGLESWORTH. That would make it 120 percent of our production?

Mr. WILCOX. That is right. And even then there are other reasons to believe that production in Europe may be greater for this rubber belting and our production was greater than the original estimate. Mr. WIGGLESWORTH. Does this column 4 indicate the percentage of United States production percentages which are to be shipped? Mr. WILCOX. Except for that last figure, which should be corrected; yes, sir.

Mr. WIGGLESWORTH. And how does this compare with what we have been doing?