ICELAND The CHAIRMAN. I see another item here that makes me wonder: 800 metric tons of agricultural machinery for Iceland, and 600 to be financed, ECA, with agricultural production so very low, presently and prewar. I am wondering how that comes about. Mr. BRODELL. The figures for 1948-49 are wrong. The CHAIRMAN. What should they be? Mr. BRODELL. The total imports for 1948-49 should be 250. The CHAIRMAN. Two hundred and fifty tractors? Mr. BRODELL. There was none for import; and 400 for agricultural machinery. The CHAIRMAN. Four hundred thousand tons of agricultural machinery. Mr. BRODELL. The ECA finance should be 200 for tractors and 280 for machinery. The CHAIRMAN. Why would they need that much? Mr. BECK. We shipped to Iceland 239 tractors without the ECA financing. We shipped them 320 in 1946. The CHAIRMAN. Three hundred and twenty? Mr. BECK. Yes. The CHAIRMAN. Why would they need that many? They never had many tractors before the war. Mr. BECK. We shipped them one in 1939. The CHAIRMAN. So that really this is new business for them? The CHAIRMAN. Do they have agricultural production enough to justify that? Mr. BRODELL. They have some, yes, small grains; not too much. The CHAIRMAN. But your estimate in here shows a total production 15,000 tons. That would be just about enough for 30 tractors, something like that; I do not think it would require much more than that. Mr. OGDON. Some potatotes. The CHAIRMAN. They would not use tractors, unless it was the garden variety, for potatoes, would they? They might use them for the original plowing, but for harvesting they would hardly make use of tractors. Mr. BRODELL. That is a less number than actually has been for the last 2 years. The CHAIRMAN. I appreciate that, but this is not a farming nation and what would they be doing with them. Mr. BECK. That figure is related to the number of tractor supply. IRELAND The CHAIRMAN. We have next Ireland; do you know much about those figures? Mr. BECK. We sent Ireland only 404 tractors in 1947. The CHAIRMAN. 404? Mr. BECK. Yes, from the United States; we shipped them 225 in 1946, and only 29 in 1939. The CHAIRMAN. They got them from somewhere else, if they got them. Mr. BECK. I do not believe that Ireland had too much choice on where she could get a lot of things. The CHAIRMAN. Mostly from Britain on account of the trade balance position. Mr. BECK. That is right. The CHAIRMAN. They have a very large number of small farms, and a comparatively small number of large ones, and it does not hardly seem they would need all of these that you have set up here. Mr. BECK. The plan is to ship 500 tractors and 1,000 tons of agricultural machinery from the United States, only 25 percent over 1947. The CHAIRMAN. How many tractors? Mr. BECK. Five hundred; that is from the United States and Canada; most of them are supposed to be from the United States. The CHAIRMAN. And 230 of those are supposed to be financed-of the machinery and the 230 tractors, all the machinery is to be financed by the ERP. Is that to be a loan or a grant? Mr. NITZE. Probably it would be by loan. The CHAIRMAN. Is there any justification for that volume? They have some local production and that local production in prewar was better than half of their consumption, and they have quite a considerable local production now. ITALY With reference to Italy, about how good are those figures? Mr. BECK. Yes; and 91 in 1939. The CHAIRMAN. They probably did not get many from us in 1939. Mr. BECK. I would judge that Germany got most of that business. The CHAIRMAN. How about the production; are those figures about right? Mr. BECK. Italy is getting into the production of tractors. The CHAIRMAN. She produced, according to this, 2,500 prewar; 1,600 in 1946; 2,300 in 1947—that is getting near the mark. Mr. BECK. How much production did they get in 1947, Mr. Ogdon? Mr. OGDON. I do not know the exact number; I understand they satisfied their demand, very largely. The CHAIRMAN. Pretty well satisfied their demand. Mr. OGDON. Yes. The CHAIRMAN. You have an estimate here of production for the current year of 5,200, and it would seem that they are pretty well able to take care of themselves. Mr. OGDON. One of the problems has been the price; the farmers have not had the funds to pay for what they wanted. The CHAIRMAN. Italy has a lot of small farms. Mr. BRODELL. Most of them would be garden tractors; I think practically all of the 1947 exports were of the garden variety. The CHAIRMAN. Most of them will be garden tractors, most of their imports? Mr. BRODELL. Yes. Mr. BECK. Of the 1947 imports of 417 tractors, 409 were garden tractors. The CHAIRMAN. And that is what the 600 would be, largely? The CHAIRMAN. What about agricultural machinery: They show a prewar production of 40,000 tons; 1946 production, 24,000 tons, and 1947, 34,000 tons; and the estimate for 1948 is 46,000 tons. The imports are given at 2,800 tons. It seems they are practically where they could be taking care of themselves. Mr. BRODELL. That is true, but nearly every country is short of agricultural machinery, and short of production machinery, and they all need a lot of repair parts for American machinery which has already been sent over. Mr. NITZE. This is a small percentage. The CHAIRMAN. I appreciate that the percentage is small. THE NETHERLANDS The CHAIRMAN. According to this statement the Netherlands had 500 prewar imports, and no production; 2,000 in 1946, and no production; 1,000 in 1947, and no production; and the estimated imports for 1948 are 2,700, with 2,275 ERP financed. Are those figures anywhere near correct? Mr. BECK. The Netherland figures are very much better than the average; we have found them to be more reliable than some of the others because apparently they were able to collect statistics in a more methodical manner than some of the other countries. The CHAIRMAN. Is it necessary that we finance 2,275 of them? Mr. BECK. We shipped them last year, without the benefit of financing, 1,107 tractors, of which 910 were wheel, 100 garden, and 97 were crawlers. In 1946 we shipped them 806, of which 526 were wheel, only 106 garden, and 174 crawlers. Mr. NITZE. Netherlands has a very low export to the United States. The CHAIRMAN. But she has a very considerable export to other countries. Mr. NITZE. Yes. The CHAIRMAN. It may be that does not mean anything big to them other than dollars. Mr. NITZE. It does mean dollars for them; and the estimated total dollars help will be $181,000,000 as against an estimated dollar requirement of a billion. The CHAIRMAN. What about their farm machinery figures? They show a considerable production compared with their own requirements? Mr. OGDON. They imported a great deal from Germany-about 70 percent from Germany, prewar. They got mowers, drills, balers, plows, separators-most of that type of machinery came from Germany. The Netherland agriculture deteriorated to a considerable extent during the war. They had a lot of their land flooded during the war, and they have a great deal of land that has to be cultivated that is in pretty heavy grass. Mr. BECK. It was assumed that the Netherlands would want some heavy equipment to take care of the heavy soil, which requires heavy equipment in connection with their reclamation and land preparation for cultivation. The CHAIRMAN. You have down here 5,000 tons to be financed through ECA; is that right? Mr. BECK. 5,115. Mr. NITZE. The total imports are very low in comparison with what they have been getting previously, and very low compared with their request of some 45,000. For 1946 their total imports were 16,400 of other agricultural machinery. NORWAY The CHAIRMAN. Norway is asking for 8,700 tons of agricultural machinery with a production of 1,100. Do they need that for their economy? Are they pretty well depleted? Their grain production is not very heavy. Mr. BRODELL. That would give them very little machinery in relation to the total land area, crop lands. The CHAIRMAN. They are down for 1,800 tractor units; prewar, 500, and the previous year 1,500, and 900 to be financed by ECA. How does that break down into kirds of tractors? Mr. BECK. In 1947 they bought 675, of which 606 were wheel and only 45 garden, and 44 of the crawler type. The CHAIRMAN. What did they do in 1946? Mr. BECK. In 1946 they had 559 altogether, of which 538 were wheel, 11 garden and 10 crawlers. In 1939 they got 664, total, of which 632 were wheel, no garden, and 32 crawlers. The CHAIRMAN. They are down here for 1,800, 1949; that is the over-all imports, with 900 of them ECA? Mr. BECK, Of the 1,800, 1500 would come from the United States. PORTUGAL The CHAIRMAN. Portugal seems to have had imports of 800 prewar. I do not believe they are down for ECA. Mr. BECK. 103 shipped from United States in 1939. The CHAIRMAN. What did they have in 1946 and 1947? Mr. BECK. For 1947, 176, total: 56 wheel, 42 garden, and 77 crawlers. The CHAIRMAN. What about 1946? Mr. BECK. 59, total: 26 wheel, 2 garden, and 31 crawlers. The CHAIRMAN. One thousand would be quite a considerable amount for them to get? However they are paying for them, and we do not need to bother too much about that here. Nine thousand and four hundred tons of other agricultural machinery is set up here, and we will pass over that. SWEDEN Sweden: How many tractors did she get from the United States in 1946 and 1947? Mr. BECK. In 1947, 4,219. The CHAIRMAN. Four thousand two hundred and nineteen in 1947? Mr. BECK. Yes, of which 3,702 were wheel, 297 garden, and 220 crawlers. In 1946, 2,360; wheel, 2,089; garden, 116; crawlers, 155. In 1939, 3,472, total, of which 1,181 were wheel; no garden; and 291 crawlers. The CHAIRMAN. The figures in here, on this table, were not much. good. What about the domestic production of 2,750? Are those figures anywhere near correct? Mr. BECK. I have no check on that. The CHAIRMAN. You have no check on that figure? Mr. BECK. But they are a mechanical nation, and it would be only logical that they could make some. The CHAIRMAN. They are set down here as having 6,000 total imports. Mr. BECK. Five thousand and six hundred from the United States. The CHAIRMAN. They seem to have been a regular customer in days gone by. They are down for imports of 6,500 tons of agricultural machinery. Mr. BECK. With 6,000 from the United States and Canada. The CHAIRMAN. They are set down for 46,000 production, according to this statement? Is that anywhere near the mark? Mr. BRODELL. They are the second biggest exporter in Europe, and export a lot of machinery. SWITZERLAND The CHAIRMAN. How much did Switzerland get in 1947 and 1946? Mr. BECK. Three hundred and fifty-two in 1947, of which 258 were wheel, 31 garden, and 63 crawlers. The CHAIRMAN. And how much for 1946? Mr. BECK. Shipments 151: Wheel, 121; garden, 2; and crawlers, 28. In 1939 we shipped them 59 total: 41 wheel, no garden, and 18 crawlers. The CHAIRMAN. Do they have any production? Mr. OGDON. I rather think they do not produce many tractors; they produce some parts, and some machinery, but in Switzerland I remember seeing principally German and American tractors. The CHAIRMAN. You have down there 800 imports, which is an increase beyond what they ever had before. Mr. OGDON. They will probably have to pay for them. TURKEY For Turkey, I guess they have the farms already. You do not know anything about that? Mr. NITZE. The Turks feel the major contribution they can make to European recovery is to increase their grain production. The CHAIRMAN. That probably is so. Mr. OGDON. They are short of agricultural machinery. Mr. BECK. At the present time, they have 1 tractor to 15,000 farm people. The CHAIRMAN. Their grain production is about the same as pre war. Mr. OGDON. The difficulty will be to supply the type of equipment they want, because their soil is very hard and they have to plow when |