WOOL The CHAIRMAN. For wool, there is shown 113,000 metric tons under "Other Western Hemisphere countries." Those would be which countries? Mr. NORTHRUP. Argentina and Uraguay. The CHAIRMAN. Does most of it come from Argentina or Uraguay? Mr. NORTHRUP. Mostly Argentina, I believe. Mr. DODD. There is no question about that. The nonparticipating countries would be mostly Australia and New Zealand and the larger part of it Australia. The CHAIRMAN. Not much of it comes from the middle eastern countries? Mr. DODD. Practically none. The CHAIRMAN. What do you mean by other participating countries? Mr. NORTHRUP. That means exports from one or more of the 16 countries to each other. The CHAIRMAN. What countrics would be exporting wool? Mr. NITZE. Belgium, 22,000 tons; France, 11,000; Ireland, 3,000; United Kingdom, 58,000. Mr. DODD. That would largely be a reexport of a quality of wool of a type of which they have more than they want. The CHAIRMAN. Rather than a general item of export? Mr. DODD. That is right. The CHAIRMAN. The United Kingdom is not an exporting country on wool ordinarily, is it? Mr. DODD. They import a good deal more wool than they export. The CHAIRMAN. Their production does not amount to a great deal? Mr. DODD. That is right. Mr. NORTHRUF. 34,000 tons estimated next year. The CHAIRMAN. I think that is all I have on those tables at this time. MEAT Meat is the first item. The first country is Austria, which shows a very low quantity, below prewar. Does that figure cover all of the meat that goes to her or does she get some from outside of this set-up? Mr. NORTHRUP. This is all. The CHAIRMAN. That is all that goes there? Mr. NORTHRUP. Yes. The CHAIRMAN. And it is about the same as went there in 1946 and more than in 1947. How does it happen that the domestic production is put down as a good deal less in 1948-49 than in 1947? Mr. DODD. Because of the shortage of feed, they liquidated a good deal of their livestock population. The CHAIRMAN. And for that reason Mr. DODD. Their production will be less next year than it was this past year. The CHAIRMAN. If there are no other questions on Austria, we will turn to Belgium and Luxemburg. Their total availability with the imports proposed bring them up close to the prewar supply and a little above 1947? Mr. DODD. About 9 pounds per capita less than they had prewar. The CHAIRMAN. Well, approximately 5 percent less. Mr. DODD. 86 pounds as against 79 pounds are the figures that I have. The CHAIRMAN. That is a heavy meat consumption, is it not? Mr. DODD. Per capita. They always have been pretty heavy consumers of meat; not as high as Denmark, but higher than other countries. The CHAIRMAN. It does seem as though the allocation for export has been moderately liberal along that line, does it not? Mr. DODD. Historically they have always been pretty heavy consumers of meat. The CHAIRMAN. I appreciate that. Mr. NORTHRUP. The total imports estimated for next year are 20 percent less than last year. The CHAIRMAN. I notice that. But their domestic production is set to go up 10 percent. Mr. DODD. If we can get the feed grains and feed for them. The CHAIRMAN. Denmark is an exporting country on meat, so we cannot do anything about that. France shows a large domestic production for meat, but is not a very heavy meat consumer, is she? Mr. DODD. About as heavy as Belgium. There is not much difference, about 2 or 3 pounds. The CHAIRMAN. It seems to be rather a peculiar situation with an estimated domestic production of 1,700,000 tons, that they have to import 18,000 tons. That is a rather small importation. Why is that? Mr. DODD. That is partly horse meat from the United States. The CHAIRMAN. That they want it? Mr. DODD. It is all we will export to them. Mr. NORTHRUP. Eight thousand of the 18,000 tons is estimated to come from their own dependent territories. The CHAIRMAN. Greece shows a small importation and their total is small percentage-wise. Mr. NORTHRUP. May I give you a correction of figures for Greece? Under 1946-47 the domestic production shows 10,000 tons; that is a typographical error. It should be 70,000 tons. The CHAIRMAN. You are giving them a little more than they had prewar? Mr. DODD. No, just a little bit under, about a half a pound. The CHAIRMAN. The available supply is 89 prewar and 97 for 1948-49. Mr. DODD. The population has gone up, Mr. Chairman. The CHAIRMAN. In Greece? Mr. DODD. Yes, sir. The CHAIRMAN. War casualties seem to increase the population. Mr. DODD. It would seem that way; it has in Europe. They have about 10 percent more people. Mr. WIGGLESWORTH. What was the population figure? Mr. NORTHRUP. Prewar 6,900,000; 1947, 7,600,000. The CHAIRMAN. The Greece picture comes largely from the Greeks being repatriated. Mr. DODD. There is no question but that is a part of it, yes. The CHAIRMAN. You never lived there? Mr. DODD. They have been shoved out of other countries. The CHAIRMAN. That is the reason for a lot of that. Mr. DODD. Yes. The CHAIRMAN. Iceland is not importing, and we do not need to consider that. Ireland is importing. Italy imports 28,000 pounds; ECA, 12,000, as against prewar importation of 55,000, and the over-all figure is about the same as it was prewar, a little bit more. Mr. DODD. Yes. The CHAIRMAN. That means the per capita has gone down considerably. Mr. DODD. It is about 6 pounds per capita. The CHAIRMAN. There has been a considerable increase in population? Mr. DODD. Yes. Mr. WIGGLESWORTH. The exports are about 15,000 tons. Mr. NORTHRUP. Fifteen thousand; yes. The CHAIRMAN. That gives them quite a considerable bit above last year, but quite a lower rate; about what? Mr. DODD. 33.5 pounds per capita. The CHAIRMAN. I suppose that varies with different parts of the country they are in? Mr. DODD. That is right. The CHAIRMAN. What is the population of Italy now and prewar? Mr. NORTHRUP. Italy, 42.6 million, prewar; 1947 is estimated 46.6 million. The CHAIRMAN. What is the population of the Netherlands? The CHAIRMAN. Bombing increased that population too. You have a picture here where they used to have local production, lower considerably than prewar; about three-fourths; imports, 25,000,000 as against 16,000,000 Mr. DODD. About 34 pounds less per capita. Mr. WIGGLESWORTH. Twenty-eight thousand tons export. Mr. NORTHRUP. That is right. The CHAIRMAN. How did they manage that? Mr. NORTHRUP. They just deliberately did that, as a matter of Government policy, to keep up their trade. The CHAIRMAN. In certain specialties, advertised specialties? The CHAIRMAN. Norway does not get any meat to speak of, but I want to get the population for all of these countries as I go along. Mr. NORTHRUP. Norway, prewar, 2.9 million; 1947, 3.1 million. Mr. CANNON. I did not realize the population of Norway was so much smaller than Greece. Mr. NORTHRUP. It is quite a bit smaller. The CHAIRMAN. For Portugal, I do not understand the situation. They are asking for 12,000 tons imports as against none prewar; and their domestic production is down to about two-thirds, or below two thirds of what it used to be. What is the explanation of that? Do you think these figures are right? They do not look to me like they can be. Mr. NORTHRUP. I cannot speak specifically to that, myself, Mr. Chairman. The CHAIRMAN. You do not show any break-down of meat. The CHAIRMAN. A shortage of feed. Mr. DODD. No question about that. The CHAIRMAN. They have always imported feed? Mr. DODD. Yes; they have always had to import feed. The CHAIRMAN. There is not much grain import, coarse grain, comparatively speaking. Mr. DODD. Oilcake and meal and coarse grains. The CHAIRMAN. Oilcakes are imported, but not too much. Mr. WIGGLESWORTH. This table does not show any imports prewar. Mr. NORTHRUP. This table does not. This undoubtedly must reflect some import requirements on other exporting nations, not from the United States. The CHAIRMAN. But the 132,000 prewar production, which is down to about two-thirds of that, with their unique position during the war does sound funny, as if there must be some mistake. Mr. DODD. We will check those figures again, but I am sure, Mr. Chairman, that it is the feed situation. The CHAIRMAN. What is their population figures? Mr. NORTHRUP. Prewar, 7.4 million; 1947, 8.1 million. Mr. DODD. This would give them a per capita of 26 pounds against 39.5 prewar. The CHAIRMAN. But their domestic production is down. Mr. DODD. Yes; and we will check into that, we will check to be sure of the figures, Mr. Chairman. On another check, Mr. Chairman, our information indicates a decrease in domestic production the last few years. Their per capita consumption is much below prewar. The CHAIRMAN. 'What is the population of Sweden? Mr. DODD. Prewar, 6.3 million; 1947, 7 million. The CHAIRMAN. The figures there indicate about the same meat production as in prewar with four times the imports? Mr. NORTHRUP. That is right. The CHAIRMAN. 7,000 up to 30,000 tons. It seems like that allocation is out of line with everything else. Where would they get this 30,000 tons? Mr. DODD. For Sweden? The CHAIRMAN. Yes. Mr. NORTHRUP. 16,000 from the Western Hemisphere; 9,000 from other nonparticipating countries, and the remainder possibly from Denmark. Mr. DODD. That is right. The CHAIRMAN. What is the population of Switzerland? Mr. NORTHRUP. Prewar, 4.2 million; 1947, 4.5 million. The CHAIRMAN. They drop off in their meat production 60,000 tons, and have imports of 39,000 tons as against 8,000. Mr. NORTHRUP. Compared with prewar. Mr. DODD. That still gives them 22 pounds per capita less than they had prewar. That is entirely a feed picture there. The CHAIRMAN. It is? Mr. DODD. Yes; I saw that happen. The CHAIRMAN. Did they import much feed in prewar? Mr. DODD. Oh, yes, a lot of it; they have always imported a lot of feed. The CHAIRMAN. Grains? Mr. DODD. Grains. They had to kill off some livestock because of the loss of grains, and their roughage. Their pasture dried early and they were in very serious trouble last winter. The CHAIRMAN. Where do they get the meat? Mr. NORTHRUP. 21,000 tons from South America; 12,000 tons from other nonparticipating countries, and 3,000 tons from other countries in Europe, western Europe. The CHAIRMAN. Turkey does not import. For the United Kingdom, their production is off 300,000 tons, according to this estimate, and they import just about the same as prewar, with the per capita a little over. Mr. DODD. That would be 109 pounds per capita for 1948, but it was 129.6 prewar. The CHAIRMAN. How much? Mr. DODD. 129.6 prewar, and it would be 109.4 for this year, or 20 pounds per capita less. The CHAIRMAN. 178.6 financed in the ECA. What is the population? Mr. NORTHRUP. Prewar, 47.1 million; 1947, 49.1 million. The CHAIRMAN. There seems to be 42 million imports and 2.2. In this table for Germany, you include the Bizonal appropriation under GARIOA, as well as that shown in this table? Mr. NORTHRUP. The ECA-financed shipment column would not be GARIOA. The CHAIRMAN. But the 42,000,000 would be? Mr. NORTHRUP. The total imports would be for all imports, not those actually paid for. The CHAIRMAN. The production is down to about half of prewarit is down to about two-thirds of last year. Mr. NORTHRup. Yes. The CHAIRMAN. What is the explanation? Mr. DODD. Again that is a straight feed reduction; and the need for food was such that the Food Administration forced them to liquidate a lot of their livestock. Mr. NORTHRUP. You want the population too, Mr. Chairman? The CHAIRMAN. Yes. Mr. NORTHRUP. The figures I have here for prewar are 43.1. The CHAIRMAN. Does that cover Bizonia? Mr. NORTHRUP. That is the bizone, French zone, and the Saar; 43.1 million prewar, and 1947, 49.8 million. Mr. KERR. The population seems to have increased by nearly 3,000,000. Mr. DODD. Actually they say that it has gone up 11,000,000 people; that is the estimate at this time. |