by the generation whose delinquency is now deplored. The callous disregard of the moral law by an older generation visits its sins upon the generations that follow.

This conclusion of the subcommittee is not an idle one. Inspector Roy Blick of the Washington, D. C., police testified before us that he and his men raided a dance studio on one occasion and found 197 boys from fraternities of three high schools on hand to view a pornographic motion picture. The father of one of the boys made arrangements for its showing with the counselors of the fraternities also in attendance. Inspector Blick also testified about another case where the raiding officers found a father photographing his wife and three children, all were nude. The youngest child was about four.

Within a month after our New York hearings, residents of Long Island were horrified by the discovery that a wealthy inventor, Ivan Jerome, had been corrupting the morals of young girls, one of whom was only 11, by photographing them in his penthouse apartment. Jerome had lured them to the apartment with money and costume jewelry and induced them to commit acts of perversion while cameras recorded the indecencies. The activities of Jerome were revealed when an incendiary fire destroyed the apartment. The efforts of Jerome, dubbed by the newspapers as "The Monster of Massapequa," to retrieve cans of film from the charred ruins led to his undoing.

The Jerome case was not an isolated one by any means, for it had its counterpart in Philadelphia, in Oklahoma City, on the west coast, and in other parts of the country. The only difference was that in some cases the pictures were made with commercialization as the motive; in others the purpose was the satisfaction of distorted sex concepts.

Schoolyards and the streets in the immediate vicinity of schools are lurking places for smut peddlers. Some operate on foot, some from parked cars and even inoffensive candy shops and stores close to schools are known to have engaged in under-the-counter trafficking in pornographic items. Conditions like these breed the involvement of children in the racket itself.

Here will be found the most insidious appeal for the interest of children, the cartoon books containing the recognizable characters from the comic strips that the children have been reading in the daily newspapers. But these characters are now cast in roles never conceived by their creators. The twisted mind of the plagiarists have vested these characters with new personalities and placed them in new settings. The result is far from funny and it isn't pretty. The child may not understand what is meant by sex perversion. The filthy cartoons make its meaning plain as day.

In Pittsburgh, Pa., last July the police made a $100,000 seizure of pornography. Included were approximately 15,000 of these cartoon books, known in police jargon as "2 by 4's."

Another favorite piece of pornographic merchandise aimed at the impressionable juvenile mind is the deck of playing cards upon the faces of which appear pictures showing 52 different kinds of perversion. There is no fixed sales price, but the usual price, according to testimony given the subcommittee by veteran police officials, is $5 to $8 for those with black and white pictures and $10 to $12 for colored ones. Of course, in some areas where the output is considerable, lower prices may prevail.

The subcommittee has encountered evidence that juveniles have invested in these decks of cards and have invoked the profit motive for themselves by selling single cards to schoolmates for whatever they can get in the 25-cent to 50-cent range. Thus a deck obtained furtively for $5 from a smut peddler is productive of a gross return that can run anywhere from $13 to $26. The appeal to a moneyhungry youngster is obvious.

There is a peculiar resemblance to narcotics addiction in exposure of juveniles to pornography. There is the same pattern of progression. Once initiated into a knowledge of the unnatural, the impressionable young mind with the insatiable curiosity characteristic of those reaching for maturity inevitably hunt for something stronger, something with more "jolt," something imparting a greater thrill.

The dealer in pornography is acutely aware of this progressive facet; his array of material to feed this growing hunger is carefully geared to the successive stages. Like the peddler of narcotics his only interest is to insure that his customers are "hooked"; he knows that once they are "hooked" they will continue to pay and pay.

There is one difference, however, between narcotics addiction and the corroding effects of pornography that deserves attention here. The injection of heroin into the veins of an addict stops with the addict, but the contaminative consequences of one piece of pornography in the hands of just one minor are incapable of measurement.

There is ample justification for our apprehension. In New York for instance, we were informed by those who chart the course of juvenile misbehavior that after World War II there was a decidedly discernible trend to the use of marihuana. This was followed by progression to the use of heroin but, in the last 3 or 4 years, sexual excesses and perversion have moved to the fore as the complex evil with which the authorities must cope. Lamentably there are all too many sex orgies involving teen-agers and this trend to perversion coincides definitely with the tremendous output of pornography.

Psychiatrists who have testified before the subcommittee and responsible officials in large centers of population elsewhere in the country confirm that this is a finding not peculiar to New York alone.

Another aspect deeply disturbing to the subcommittee is the increasing concentration on pornography expressive of fetishism, sadism, masochism. Torture, maiming, and killing have been the tragic consequences.

III. IMPACT OF PORNOGRAPHY ON YOUTH

The most insidious effect of present-day pornographic materials is the portrayal of abnormal sexual behavior as being normal. Perversion for profit thus wrecks the chances of the impressionable adolescent to achieve a normal, healthy relationship upon reaching maturity. Testimony of Dr. George W. Henry

The Congress and the American people should ponder over the testimony received by the subcommittee from Dr. George W. Henry, professor of clinical psychiatry at Cornell University College of Medicine. A diplomate in psychiatry, Dr. Henry is a fellow of the American Medical Association, a fellow of the American Psychiatric Association and has had a distinguished career in his field.

The pertinent parts of his testimony before the subcommittee at its New York hearings follow:

Mr. GAUGHAN. Doctor, could you tell us, is there a growing tendency today toward sex deviations?

Dr. HENRY. That is my impression.

Mr. GAUGHAN. From your experience can you tell us what age group is most susceptible to deviation?

Dr. HENRY. Adolescence.

Mr. GAUGHAN. Can such deviation from the normal manifest itself in a number of forms?

Dr. HENRY. Yes.

Mr. GAUGHAN. Are people born with such perversions bred in them, or must they be taught and educated along this line?

Dr. HENRY. I could scarcely imagine that anyone was born with these tendencies. There may be certain potentialities that can be trained, but I don't believe anybody would arrive at these various deviations unless they had some training.

Mr. GAUGHAN. Doctor, would you tell us what is a fetish?

Dr. HENRY. A fetish is usually some object, material, or substance which becomes the chief source of sexual stimulus for a particular person.

Mr. GAUGHAN. In your medical textbook entitled "All the Sexes" you state in your chapter on fetishes that high-heel fetish, and women's-lingerie fetish are two of the more common types of fetishes.

Dr. HENRY. That is correct, but any kind of clothing, any part of the body might become attractive or might become a fetish for a particular person. Mr. GAUGHAN. Used as a substitute for the normal sex?

Dr. HENRY. That is right. It can become and does become as exciting to them as any other part of the body, or the body, to what is called a normal person. Mr. GAUGHAN. Doctor, is there such a thing as leather and rubber fetish? Dr. HENRY. Yes; that is true.

Mr. GAUGHAN. Is there also a fetish known as bondage in which people are trussed up?

Chairman KEFAUVER. What do you mean by leather and rubber fetish?

Dr. HENRY. There are various devices that are manufactured for enclosing parts of the body, and that are used for the purpose of exciting people sexually. Mr. GAUGHAN. In other words, certain leather types of shoes and boots and so on can be used as a substitute for a sexual outlet by persons who are trained along that line, who so enjoy it?

Dr. HENRY. That is correct.

a violin.

Almost anything can become a fetish, even

Mr. GAUGHAN. Is there a type of sexual deviation that is known as bondage where a person is trussed up with ropes and chains?

Dr. HENRY. Yes; that is fairly common.

Chairman KEFAUVER. You say bondage is fairly common?

Dr. HENRY. Fairly common in this particular group, that is the group of sexual deviates.

Chairman KEfauver. Tell us more about that bondage being fairly common. Dr. HENRY. Among those who are familiar with this variety of sexual deviation, it is a matter of common knowledge to them. It is not common knowledge to the general public.

Chairman KEFAUVER. You mean they like to see someone who is bound up? Dr. HENRY. Yes; they do.

Chairman KEFAUVER. Pictures of them?

Dr. HENRY. Some of them do.

Mr. GAUGHAN. And some of them might be bound up by themselves?

Dr. HENRY. Yes.

Mr. GAUGHAN. Is the act of spanking a part of the flagellation technique? Dr. HENRY. Yes; one of the milder forms.

Chairman KEFAUVER. You mean whipping?

Dr. HENRY. Yes; whipping in any form, even to the extent of drawing blood. Chairman KEFAUVER. You say it is a minor form. What are the more violent forms?

Dr. HENRY. They use actual whips, straps, sticks.

Mr. GAUGHAN. Sometimes they use the hands, sometimes whips, sometimes chains, and hairbrushes?

Dr. HENRY. Yes.

Mr. GAUGHAN. Is there a sex deviation wherein two females are able to find an erotic satisfaction by inflicting pain and injury upon each other?

Dr. HENRY. Yes.

Mr. GAUGHAN. What form of deviation does that come under?
Dr. HENRY. Sadism and masochism.

Mr. GAUGHAN. Dr. Henry, I am going to come down by you, because my questions are of such a form that I have to ask you to identify a number of pictures that I am going to produce as an exhibit here today. I call your attention to page 3 of Cartoons and Model Parade to pictures entitled, "Chris Strips for Bed." Then there is the fact that she wears-it specifically mentions she wears 6-inch high heel, patent leather shoes. It mentions how she goes through this sensuous art of disrobing, and along with that I direct your attention to page 6 of this same publication, and on page we find Lounging Around in Lingerie, in which the man who offers this publication says he will sell this particular movie for $8, and he notes particularly the fact that the models wear 6-inch high heel, patent-leather shoes.

Doctor, I want you to note the various other pictures with this 6-inch shoe business being graphically brought out by the photographers and the author of this publication, and I ask you, Doctor, is it a fair statement to say that these are pictures these pictures are put therein for the purpose of exciting people to take part in the fetish that is known as the high-heel fetish? Is that a fair statement? Dr. HENRY. That could be true. Such heels are sexually exciting, but they are also part of a picture, any part of which or all of which is sexually exciting. Mr. GAUGHAN. That is the only purpose of this booklet, in your expert opinion, Doctor?

Dr. HENRY. That is correct.

Mr. GAUGHAN. Doctor, I ask you, could children be sexually perverted by looking at, by studying, and by dwelling upon photos of this nature and the contents of this book?

Dr. HENRY. Yes.

Chairman KEFAUVER. Doctor, is it a very unwholesome influence, this sort of thing?

Dr. HENRY. It is.

Chairman KEFAUVER. In your opinion the increase in sex crimes, deviations that we are having-does that increase result in part at least from the reading and looking at magazines and pictures of this kind by children?

Dr. HENRY. I would think that was an important factor in the increase.

Mr. GAUGHAN. Doctor, would violence and murder be a natural outgrowth of such perversions that we have discussed here this morning with you?

Dr. HENRY. It might be.

Chairman KEFAUVER. You mean this bondage and whipping, and things of that sort?

Dr. HENRY. Yes.

Mr. GAUGHAN. Doctor, I show you some clippings mounted on a board from the Miami Daily News, dated Tuesday, August 31, 1954; the contents of these articles, Doctor, specifically note the fact that one 17-year-old boy, Kenneth Grimm, was found hanging in an inverted position from a stick or board suspended between the forks of two trees, and trussed up in a fashion whereby his legs and arms were tied behind him, and a rope is thrown around his neck so that he strangles himself. He strangles himself by the position in which he has been forced. Doctor, I ask you is it your opinion, from perusing this article, from looking at the picture, would you say that this is the end result of a sex crime? Does this impress you as the type of thing that can happen as the result of bondage this fetish we have been discussing this morning.

Dr. HENRY. Yes; it is an end result, a kind of result. I think I should clarify this sex problem a little bit so that innocent people would not be involved in it. For instance, there is a tendency to associate such acts of violence with a homosexual-what is called the homosexual. The facts are that the homosexual is no more prone to violence than the heterosexual or the normal. If we were to divide humans roughly into four groups, we would call them heterosexual, bisexual, homosexual, and Narcissistic, and the groups that we have been talking about this morning belong primarily to the Narcissistic, more specially to people whom we call exhibitionists, or peeping individuals. These publications cater to people who are psychosexually immature, emotionally immature, and who get their major satisfaction out of looking at such displays. It has little to do with other fields of psychopathology that is commonly associated with such acts.

The only other thing that occurs to me is that I firmly believe that the majority of people are so constituted and live in environments such that they will grow up to be reasonably normal in their sexual adjustment.

There is, however, quite a large proportion of the population who are susceptible to training, training such as may be obtained from these publications, and whether or not they arrive at a point of violence is perhaps an academic matter in view of the other problem that no one can tell ahead of time who is going to arrive at that goal once they have been exposed to these publications.

Furthermore, there are all degrees of sadism and masochism which enter into human relations and which seldom get into the newspapers.

Chairman KEFAUVER. Dr. Henry, murder-even crimes involving theft, beatings, most of all the crimes, can, to some extent, result from maladjustments which children might get from the kind of literature and pictures and what not they see? Dr. HENRY. That is correct. A good many of the sexually maladjusted are not primarily interested in sex relations, but in the thrill or the danger which is associated with the sexual act.

Chairman KEFAUVER. In other words, these pictures, these bondage pictures and things of that sort are important in this matter, too?

Dr. HENRY. They are important.

Chairman KEFAUVER. Will one of you show this Gargoyle publication 478 Madison Avenue, to Dr. Henry? Is that typical of the bondage pictures you were talking about?

Dr. HENRY. Yes. There is more of the whipping in this. You can see the whip in several of the pictures. Whipping means just what it says. They actually use these on people, sometimes until they bleed. There are individuals who are so impelled to abuse others that they will keep on until they kill them." Chairman KEFAUVER. Until they kill them?

Dr. HENRY. Yes.

Chairman KEFAUVER. I think there are places in that picture that will show bondage pictures.

Dr. HENRY. Yes.

Chairman KEFAUVER. If that was sent through the mail, I am sure the inspectors would stop that.

Dr. HENRY. Sometimes the greatest thrill is experienced at the time that somebody is dying.

Chairman KEFAUVER. By the person dying or the person causing the death? Dr. HENRY. The person causing the death. There are also people who get their greatest thrill by being severely beaten.

Chairman KEFAUVER. You mean being the recipients of the beating?
Dr. HENRY. Yes.

Chairman KEFAUVER. Doctor, you saw how these pictures that Mr. Roth bad-you heard him express his expert opinion based on many years in the business. What did you think of that? What do you think of his philosophy?

Dr. HENRY. I don't agree with it at all.

Chairman KEFAUVER. You think this stuff he is sending out, these pamphlets that you saw here, are a bad influence and degrading even to grownups, let alone young people?

Dr. HENRY. Yes. I think there is a confusion between children and adolescents in a good deal of the testimony. When they use the word "children" they often mean "adolescents," and everyone knows that the adolescent is most sexually excitable, and has the least legitimate opportunity to find an outlet for that sexual excitability. As a result of that they find every conceivable means of finding an outlet, including what was shown this morning.

It is an error also to assume that if you sell something to an adult that it doesn't get to an adolescent. A great many of these so-called adults are really still adolescents, and feel most at home with actual adolescents.

More than that, some of them are primarily interested in introducing adolescents into abnormal practices.

Chairman KEFAUVER. So that his idea that the effect of this kind of stuff on adults might be stimulating and what not, but it would not have any effect upon adolescents is just without medical foundation?

Dr. HENRY. I would think that it would be just the opposite. It would be more exciting to the adolescent.

Mr. GAUGHAN. Doctor, I might ask you, as the father of five children, and as many parents around the Nation have wondered from time to time, if we have read about the senseless killing by teen-agers during the past few years, would you say it is a fair statement that many of these killings are the direct result of some