Mr. FISHMAN. May I see the photograph?

Chairman KEFAUVER. I was looking at some of the figures. The importer and the size of the seizures you have made.

Mr. FISHMAN. Well

Chairman KEFAUVER. There are about 15 or 18 of them, and all of them seem to have been released except 2 of them.

Mr. FISHMAN. They represent this so-called art type of magazine. The ones that we have indicated as being released.

Chairman KEFAUVER. Sun Reviews, and so forth?

Mr. FISHMAN. I brought along some of that type of publication.

Chairman KEFAUVER. Do we ship much of this stuff out of the United States to other nations?

Mr. FISHMAN. I am afraid I couldn't answer that question.

Chairman KEFAUVER. That doesn't come under your jurisdiction?

Mr. FISHMAN. We have some control over exports, but we don't look for that sort of thing.

Chairman KEFAUVER. These photographs show how it is received?

Mr. FISHMAN. That is correct,

Chairman KEFAUVER. Let them be identified and be put in as exhibits.

VII. INTERSTATE TRAFFIC IN PORNOGRAPHY

The sale and distribution of pornographic materials is, in most instances, a large, well-organized business. Involved in this business are publishers or manufacturers, wholesale distributors, jobbers and independent salesmen.

Profits from the sale of pornographic material are large. One 8-millimeter or 16-millimeter film costs the original producer of the film approximately $4.50 to process. The selling price of this film on the retail market varies from $20 to $50 depending upon the quality of the print and the subject matter covered.

The usual method of producing such a film is a relatively inexpensive operation. A photographer, who usually conducts a legitimate photography business in addition to his work in producing pornographic film and pictures, a room in an out-of-the-way hotel or motel, and the necessary characters for the film or still photograph are the only requirements. Almost without exception, the productions are very crude with no attempt to include any story or plot but only the showing of as many variations of abnormal sex practices as the 400 feet of film will contain. Although this is the usual rule, the subcommittee has come into possession of some film that indicates much more time and money has been spent on its production and there is some attempt to weave a story into the filming.

Of great concern to the subcommittee was the fact that in many of these films and still photographs young girls, a great number in their early teens, and boys in early youth were the actors in these pictures portraying indescribable perversions.

At the same time that the motion picture is being made still cameras are also used to photograph scenes for sale in individual pictures and to make up a series of still photographs for use on ordinary playing cards. This is evidenced by the fact that the same scenes appear on both versions in material gathered by the subcommittee staff and also by the fact that in many of the motion pictures the still photograher can be observed in his work.

Once a negative is made thousands of prints in both motion picture and still photographs can be made. There is also in the traffic of pornography much plagiarizing of the material of other operators.

Fishman, Irving, see testimony, op. cit., pp. 249-255.

Probably the largest selling item in the still photograph field is the deck of 52 playing cards with different scenes of perverted acts shown on each card. These cards are very cheaply manufactured and produced. The cost of production and packaging being approximately 12 cents. The price on the retail market of these cards is $5 and thousands of decks are produced and sold annually. This item is particularly suited for sale to young boys in junior and senior high school as they are small in size and can be sold individually among the students at prices ranging from 15 cents to 25 cents per card and passed around among many students.

The variations in the printed stories and comics are many. The one type of pornographic material that reaches most juveniles is the commonly called "2 by 4" comic booklet. These are the crudest types of cartoon drawing usually portraying some popular comic strip or prominent person performing perverted sex acts. The production cost of these booklets would be a fraction of a cent each. They are sold at prices ranging from 10 cents to 50 cents each and are produced and sold by the hundreds of thousands.

Another popular booklet is the commonly called French Novel or 4 by 5 booklet that contains approximately 30 pages of printed story and 4 perverted photographs. The stories related in these booklets are indescribable in the manner in which they present stories designed to excite the passions of the reader. It was thought by the subcommittee in the beginning of its investigation that these books were imported as they usually bore the name of a French concern and the word Paris on the cover, but it has been determined that these books are printed in the United States and usually done very crudely.

Of very recent origin is a new type of pornographic book which is larger than the French Novel and printed in full color. This book retails for approximately $10 to $25 as against the price of the smaller book of $3 to $5.

There is also an extensive traffic in regular hard-bound novel-type books which are entirely pornographic in the story they tell and in the pictures that are used for illustrations.

In addition to these types of pornography which are the most commonly known and circulated there are a great variety of colored slides, still photographs, metal objects, rubber objects and plastic articles that are sold at tremendous profits.

Included in the subcommittee's investigation was also a study of material that could be said to be in the "twilight zone" of obscene material. This material is usually sold through the mail by those engaging in the mail-order sale of this material. This material covers the whole field of printed, filmed, and recorded matter and deals particularly in the fetishes, masochism, sadism and other forms of perversion.

Selling these types of materials falls generally into two categories of dealers. Those who sell at wholesale to customers who in turn sell the material by personal contact to retail customers, and those who sell direct by solicitation in magazines, comic books, and circular mail to the retail customer.

The subcommittee during the course of its investigation heard from many of these dealers and also investigated many others. To show the operation of this market some of the larger dealers are referred to in this section of the report. A spot map of retail contacts of known

pornography distributors consists of the names and addresses gathered from only three of the subsequently discussed pornographers, appears on page 71.

Al Stone, alias Abraham Rubin

Al Stone, Brooklyn, N. Y., is one of the largest dealers in pornographic materials in the United States. He has been known variously by such aliases as Abraham Rubinstein, Ruben Stone, Stoney Ruben White and others. His record of dealing in pornography dates to 1928 when he was arrested in New York for possession of obscene literature, and also shows arrests in Poughkeepsie, N. Y.; Darien, Conn.; Buffalo, N. Y.; Albany, N. Y.; Providence, R. I.; and Detroit, Mich.; all for the same offense. The largest fine paid by Stone was in Darien, Conn., of $250 and in two instances he served a 30-day jail

sentence.

In 1953 in Detroit, Mich., Stone was arrested for running a red light. He was recognized as a large distributor of pornography by the arresting officer, Sgt. Joseph E. Brown, who appeared before the subcommittee. In Stone's automobile at the time of his arrest were 551 reels of pornographic movie film with a retail value of over $14,000.

An indication of the extent of Stone's business and his connections was found when a road map was also discovered in his automobile. The map was marked with a route leading from New York to Philadelphia, Pa.; to Harrisburg, Pa.; Pittsburgh, Pa.; Akron, Ohio; Toledo, Ohio; Detroit, Mich.; Fort Wayne, Ind.; Indianapolis, Ind.; St. Louis, Mo.; Louisville, Ky.; Charleston, W. Va.; Richmond, Va.; and return to New York.

Also in his possession was an address book which contained the names and telephone numbers of many of the contacts of Stone in 17 States. The subcommittee circularized these addresses to the police departments of the cities of address of these customers and other arrests resulted from this information.

One of the names appearing in this book was "Onions," 1729 Arch Street, Philadelphia, Pa. Investigation on the part of the Philadelphia Police Department disclosed that "Onions" was in fact Morris Glick. Glick was found to store his pornographic material in the garage of William Feig and a subsequent raid yielded over a ton of material worth many thousands of dollars. In addition to William Feig, Glick also employed Stanley Good, Camden, N. J., as a distributor and Good was arrested with large quantities of material in his car.

Another arrest resulting from the information forwarded by the subcommittee involved Frank Lang in Pittsburgh, Pa. The Pittsburgh police arrested Lang and seized over $100,000 worth of pornography. Lang was the largest distributor ever apprehended in the Pittsburgh area.

In both of these cases the defendants admitted that their source of supply was Al Stone of New York. They also informed subcommittee investigators that Stone had sent word to his customers after his appearance before the subcommittee in New York to "lay low because the heat is on."

After his arrest in 1953 Stone ceased to deliver his material personally, but insisted that his customers come to New York and take the risk of transporting the material personally. His method of operation was to have the customer park his automobile in a designated New York garage where one of Stone's employees would pick