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Edinburgh: A. & C. Black and Douglas & Foulis. Dublin: A. Thom & Co. LONDON, SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 3, 1883. CONTENTS.- N° 201. NOTES:-Romano-British Liturgy, 341-Somerset Parish Names, 342-Finnish Folk-lore-"Between the two evenings," 844 Ali Abbas- Misuse of Pronouns - Modern Letter-writing-Bequest, 345- Reputed Centenarians Negro Folk-lore-Rutland Pronunciation of " Spread "Gordon "Who" and "That"-Royal Music in 1779QUERIES:-Barclay's "Apology"-Anselm's Synod-Caxon -Alveley Butter Cross-Many hands make light work' Thomas Fuller, 347-" Anarchia Anglicana" - RavennaRallye-papers-Sir William Paineman-Matthew SutcliffeLondon Street Cry-Knights of St. George in IrelandYeardley-Green Apron-Touch-piece, 348-Arms of Bergamo-Little Dunmow Priory Arms Wanted"Red Human Obesity, 346. Tape"-Gordon of Lesmoir, 349. 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A ROMANO-BRITISH LITURGY OF THE TIME OF THE EMPIRE. Among the MSS. of the Ashburnham collection is one which antiquaries have agreed to call by the unpretending name of the Stowe Missal. It is in appearance an Irish missal. It is of great antiquity, however, though of uncertain date. It agrees in essentials with the Missale Romanum, but is without the "filioque" in the Credo. At the same time there are a few peculiarities which some of the readers of "N. & Q." may agree with me in thinking give to this antique service book an interest and a value quite independent of most other liturgies. It has been described by that eminent liturgist Mr. Warren, who has critically examined it. Upon his description, which is to be found in the Academy, Nov. 23, 1879, the following remarks are based. Mr. Warren says of it: "Petitions occur twice for the 'imperium,' the 'imperatores,' and the 'exercitus Romanus.'" Between the epistle and the gospel is one of these petitions in the words following, viz.: "Oramus pro hoc loco et inhabitantibus in eo, pro piissimis imperatoribus et omni Romano exercitu." Another petition occurs in the Commemoratio pro vivis" within the Canon, viz.: "Pro domino papa, episcopo et omnibus episcopis et presbeteris et omni ecclesiastico ordine, pro imperio Romano et omnibus regibus subjectis." It cannot be doubted that prayers such as these do not belong of right or of liturgic propriety to a mere Irish missal. Ireland, all the world knows, never belonged to the empire, and neither emperor nor Roman army had any claim upon the religious suffrages of the Scotti or the Hibernigenæ. Such petitions can only have belonged to the liturgy of some other country, one which had shared in the advantages and obligations of the queen of the world. In other words, a missal in which such prayers are found is, on its own obvious showing, a service book of some country subject to and part of the Western empire. This is a conclusion or presumption which it is quite impossible to deny. I will not, however, leave this interesting question merely to its own intrinsic evidence. There is evidence obtainable aliunde which will abundantly corroborate this view. There is ecclesiastical testimony of the third and fourth centuries which explicitly tells us that the Christian Church prayed daily for the imperium, the imperator, and the exercitus Romanus, just as we find laid down in this so-called Irish missal. In the Acta Disputationis Sancti Achatii Episcopi et Martyris (A.D. 250) Achatius said to the consularis who was trying him: "Et cui magis cordi est, vel a quo sic diligitur imperator, quem admodum ab hominibus christianis; assidua enim nobis est pro eo et jugis oratio ut prolixum aevum in hac luce conficiat, ac justa populos potestate moderetur et pacatum maxime imperii sui tempus incipiat. Deinde pro salute militum, et pro statu mundi et orbis."-Ruinart, Acta Sincera Martyrum. This was in the time of the persecutor Decius. Again, in the time of Valerian and Gallienus, Dionisius, Bishop of Alexandria, says:— "Huic [i.e., the Almighty] preces offerimus pro imperio illorum [i.e., the two emperors] ut stabile et inconcussum permaneat."-Epistola Sancti Dionisii Alexandrini, ibid. St. Cyprian, under the same emperors, made precisely the same assertion before the proconsul who had summoned him to the court-house at Carthage : "Hunc [i.e., the Almighty] deprecamur diebus ac noctibus pro nobis et pro omnibus hominibus, et pro incolumitate ipsorum imperatorum." Acta proconsularia Sancti Cypriani Episcopi et Martyris, ibid. St. Victor (A.D. 290 vel 303) said of himself, "Quotidie pro salute Cæsaris et totius imperii studiose sacrifico" (Passio SS. Victoris, Alexandri, Feliciani atque Longini Martyrum, ibid.). These citations sufficiently prove the right of the Stowe Missal to be considered what I claim it to be-a liturgy of the time of the empire-and I think they settle the question, if there be one. How this office book came into Ireland is, of course, another and a separate question, and will have to be answered. |