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that the causes of this last result from the present crisis. It is thus that I propose to avoid the wrongs that might result, for Union subjects, from the present state of war.

In conclusion I regret to add that I am not as yet prepared to answer you as regards measures that will be taken concerning subjects of the countries that are at war with the Empire.

Accept, sir, etc.

(Signed)

S. SAKIGAWA,

Director of the Patent Office.

PATENTS TRADE-MARKS-UTILITY MODELS-WAR REGULATIONS OF JULY 20, 1917-EFFECTIVE SEPTEMBER 15, 1917.

[Translation.]

ARTICLE 1. Patents or registrations shall be suspended during the period of the war for applications or petitions of alien enemies for the ownership of industrial property.

In case the inventions, designs, or utility models, mentioned in the said applications and petitions, come under either of the following headings during the war, they shall not be patented or registered: (1) When the inventions are known or used in Japan.

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(2) When the inventions are described in publications distributed in Japan to such an extent that the description can easily be put in practice.

ART. 2. Alien enemies shall not be entitled to make application for trial or for hearing on appeal, nor to make appeal from judgment of hearing on appeal.

ART. 3. Alien enemies can not claim the priority of Article 4 of the International Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property in the matter of a patent right that comes into existence during the period of the war.

ART. 4. Patents or trade-marks owned by alien enemies may be revoked or canceled when, under the present circumstances, it is deemed necessary for military reasons or for the public interest.

ART. 5. Patents owned by alien enemies may be used exclusively by a party having the permission of the Government. This applies to such patents as shall be revoked under the preceding article.

The term of the exclusive right obtained under this article shall be determined in accordance with the period of the patent yet to run. Necessary regulations pertaining to the exclusive right are to be determined by imperial ordinance.

ART. 6. Trade-marks that are identical with or similar to those trade-marks whose registration is to be canceled in accordance with Article 4, and which are to be affixed to the same merchandise, are not to be registered.

ART. 7. Applications, petitions, and actions of, or patents and trade-marks obtained by non-belligerent persons, shall be subject, in case there be interest of alien enemies, to the provisions of the preceding six articles.

ART. 8. As concerns matters to be adjusted at the conclusion of the war, they shall be determined by imperial ordinance.

ART. 9. Any party that infringes the exclusive right obtained under the present provisions shall be sentenced to penal servitude for not exceeding five years or to a fine of not more than 1,000 yen.

The date of the present regulations becoming effective shall be determined by imperial ordinance.

(Translation furnished by Mr. Haruhiko Iida, M. E., of Tokyo.)

RUSSIA.

[Law of the 20th of May (1st of June), 1896.]

His Majesty the Emperor has designed by his Royal authority to confirm and declare to be executed the following opinion of the Government Council, sitting in full meeting, relating to a scheme for the regulation of patents of invention and improvement, and to a table showing the staff and expenditure of the committee for technical business attached to the department of commerce and manufactures.

A. OPINION OF THE GOVERNMENT COUNCIL.

The Government Council, sitting with the united department of state economy, of laws, and of civil and ecclesiastical business, assembled in full conference, having examined the report of the Minister of Finance relating to a scheme for the regulation of patents of invention and improvement and to a table showing the staff and expenditure of the committee for technical business attached to the department of commerce and manufactures, submits the following opinion:

I.

To modify and enlarge the corresponding articles of the laws relating to Ministries (Codified Laws, Vol. I, part 2, edition 1892), it is ordered that

1. There shall be a committee for technical business attached to the department of commerce and manufactures competent to grant patents of invention and improvement, and, further, to examine all technical questions which may be referred to by the Minister of Finance.

2. The committee (par. 1), presided over by the director of the department of commerce and manufactures, shall consist of one of the subdirectors of the said department, who, in the absence of the president, shall preside; nine permanent members, nominated by the Minister of Finance from graduates who have received a superior and preferably a technical education; and members representing the Ministries of War, of the Navy, of the Interior, of Agriculture

and public domains, and to public ways in the proportion of one member to each Ministry.

3. Attached to the committee shall be (1) experts chosen from graduates who have received a superior and preferably a technical education; such experts, who do not enjoy the privileges attached to the Government service, shall be nominated by the president of the committee, to take part in the preliminary examination of applications, and have the same deliberative position as the permanent members of the committee (sec. 2); (2) a superintendent of the affairs of the committee and other employees in accordance with the staff establishment.

4. The committee shall be divided into sections. The Minister of Commerce shall determine the number of sections and allot the business between them. Each section shall be presided over by one of the permanent members appointed for this purpose by the Minister of Finance. Appeals against the decisions of the sections shall be considered by the committee in full meeting.

5. The quorum of members to be present at meetings of the sections is fixed at a minimum of three, including the president.

6. At the meetings of the sections, and of the full committee, questions shall be decided by a majority of votes, and if the votes be equally divided, that of the president shall be decisive. Decisions given by the committee in full meeting shall be submitted for confirmation to the Minister of Finance.

II.

Schemes (a) for enactments as to patents of invention and im provement, and (b) for the staff establishment and expenditure of the committee of technical business attached to the department of commerce and manufactures shall be presented to His Majesty the Emperor for his sovereign confirmation.

III.

The following posts on the staff establishment of the department of commerce and manufactures (Codified Laws and Decrees, 1894, No. 26, Art. 191), supremely confirmed on the 25th of January, 1894, are abolished: One head of a section, three heads of offices, three underheads of offices, and five experts attached to the Council of Commerce and Manufactures. The persons at present holding these posts shall be retired in accordance with the general rules if they do not receive fresh nominations.

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IV.

To modify and amend the provisions relating to taxes (Codified Laws, Vol. V, edition 1893) it is ordered that—

1. The following taxes are payable for the benefit of the treasury for each patent of invention or improvement:

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2. The taxes specified in the preceding paragraph (1) shall be paid for the first year within the term of three months from the notice informing the applicant that the committee of technical business attached to the department of commerce and manufactures has allowed the grant of the patent. For the following years, each year in advance, counting from the date on which the patent was signed. No tax can be returned.

3. In the case of the proved property of a Russian subject applying on his own behalf for a patent, the Minister of Finance may exempt him for the first three years from the payment of the taxes referred to in paragraph 1.

4. For each patent of addition delivered to a person already possessing a patent of invention or improvement (Art. 27 of the patent law) a single tax of 20 rubles is payable for the benefit of the treasury.

ར.

Article 570, paragraph 2 of Article 572, and paragraph 8 of Article 61 of the appendix to Article 619 of "Constitution of Ministries" (Codified Laws, Vol. I, pt. 2, issue of 1892 and sequel of 1895), Articles 167 to 175 and 177 to 198 of the statutes of trade (Codified Laws, Vol. XI, pt. 2, issue of 1893), Article 16 of agricultural statutes (Codified Laws, Vol. XII, pt. 2, issue of 1893), and Articles 553 and 554 of medicinal statutes (Codified Laws, Vol. XIII, issue of 1892), are repealed, and the words, "and patents" are struck out from paragraph 5 of Article 70 of the appendix to Article 619 of "Constitution of Ministries" (Codified Laws, Vol. I, pt. 2, sequel 1895).

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