Servio propere accito cum paene exsanguem virum ostendisset, dextram tenens orat ne inultam mortem 3 soceri, ne socrum inimicis ludibrio esse sinat. 'Tuum est' inquit, Servi, si vir es, regnum, non eorum qui alienis manibus pessimum facinus fecere. Erige te deosque duces sequere, qui clarum hoc fore caput divino quondam circumfuso igni portenderunt. Nunc te illa caelestis excitet flamma, nunc expergiscere vere. Et nos peregrini regnavimus. Qui sis, non unde natus sis, reputa. Si tua re subita consilia torpent, at tu mea 4 consilia sequere.' Cum clamor impetusque multitudinis vix sustineri posset, ex superiore parte aedium per fenestras in Novam viam versas - habitabat enim rex ad 5 Iovis Statoris - populum Tanaquil adloquitur. Iubet bono animo esse: sopitum fuisse regem subito ictu, ferrum haud alte in corpus descendisse, iam ad se redisse; inspectum vulnus absterso cruore; omnia salubria esse. 2. virum, her husband. tam, etc. the arrangement is chiastic. ludibrio: according to ancient ideas, an unavenged outrage makes the sufferer a subject of ridicule, a laughing-stock. 3. vir, a man, really and truly such; cf. 'all are not men who wear the human form.' alienis: implying that the pastores were only the agents of the sons of Ancus. facinus fecere: a favorite form of alliteration in Latin, like 'do a deed' in English. vere: as opposed to his former awaking from sleep. Now he is to awake from his unambitious sloth. et nos, etc.: i.e. we, too, were foreigners as well as you, and yet we gained the royal power. qui sis: i.e. your great genius, as opposed to your humble origin. tua: notice the emphasis, opposed to mea. consilia, counsels; i.e. the knowl edge what to do. - torpent, are paralyzed. 4. clamor impetusque, etc., the clamorous, rushing crowd; i.e. the throng trying to break into the palace. - ex superiore, etc.: the Roman houses were built with hardly any windows in the lower story on the street, as is seen in the ruins of Pompeii, but with openings closed by shutters in the upper stories. — Novam viam : this street descended from the ancient Porta Mugionis, on the Palatine, along the Forum. The temple of Jupiter Stator was on it. The ruins of these places are still traceable on the newly excavated Palatine Hill.-habitabat, etc., for the king's house was, etc. 5. sopitum, rendered unconscious. - fuisse: after the word of saying implied in iubet.-confidere: sc. se, omitted on account of the rapidity of the narrative. Confidere prope diem ipsum eos visuros; interim Servio Tullio iubere populum dicto audientem esse; eum iura redditurum obiturumque alia regis munia esse. Servius 6 cum trabea et lictoribus prodit ac, sede regia sedens, alia decernit, de aliis consulturum se regem esse simulat. Itaque per aliquot dies, cum iam exspirasset Tarquinius, celata morte per speciem alienae fungendae vicis suas opes firmavit; tum demum palam factum est ex complora tione in regia orta. Servius, praesidio firmo munitus, primus iniussu populi voluntate patrum regnavit. liberi iam tum, comprensis sceleris ministris, ut vivere regem et tantas esse opes Servi nuntiatum est, Suessam Pometiam exsulatum ierant. Anci 7 Nec iam publicis magis consiliis Servius quam priva- 42 tis munire opes et ne, qualis Anci liberum animus adversus Tarquinium fuerat, talis adversus se Tarquini liberum -- iubere: sc. regem; cf. last note. - Tullio : see Gr. 227. N. 2. eum ...esse: the words of the king. iura redditurum, would dispense justice; one of the chief functions of a king; cf. the legal fiction of English courts, 'Court of King's Bench,' etc. 6. trabea: a robe, worn by the early kings, and preserved in the garb of the augurs and Salii, and of the equites and consuls on special occasions. It was certainly variegated in color, probably by purple and white stripes (trabes). lictoribus: cf. 8. 2. sede regia: Livy has in his mind the sella curulis, which was certainly later one of the insignia of supreme power, but perhaps not in early times. alia... aliis: i.e. different questions that were brought before him. -simulat: thus keeping up the pretence that he was acting as a substitute for the king. ce esset, duas filias iuvenibus regiis Lucio atque Arrunti 2 Tarquiniis iungit. Nec rupit tamen fati necessitatem suthat mot. humanis consiliis, quin invidia regni etiam inter domesticos infida omnia atque infesta faceret. Peropportune ad praesentis quietem status bellum cum Veientibusiam enim indutiae exierant aliisque Etruscis sump3 tum. In eo bello et virtus et fortuna enituit Tulli, fusoque ingenti hostium exercitu haud dubius rex, seu patrum seu plebis animos periclitaretur, Romam rediit. 4 Adgrediturque inde ad pacis longe maximum opus, ut, quemadmodum Numa divini auctor iuris fuisset, ita Servium conditorem omnis in civitate discriminis ordinumque, quibus inter gradus dignitatis fortunaeque 5 aliquid interlucet, posteri fama ferrent. Censum enim instituit, rem saluberrimam tanto futuro imperio, ex quo belli pacisque munia non viritim ut ante, sed pro habitu pecuniarum fierent. Tum classes centuriasque et hunc munia: i.e. service and taxes. - viritim, individually. -- pro habitu, according to the state (of their fortunes). — fierent, should be performed; subjunctive of purpose. tum: ie. after having caused the assessment to be made. classes: this word, akin to calare, but probably borrowed from Greek kλñois (λãois), must have originally referred to the calling out of troops, as the militia is called to arms (cf. legio), whence its constant use for army and fleet. But at the time of the Servian Constitution, its meaning must have changed, so that it came to express the different divisions according to property.-centurias: this word also doubtless changed its meaning at this time, and came to be used of divisions irrespective of numbers. - hunc : i.e. the one given in the following. - 2 nal ratings; for, first, these depended upon holdings of land, and second, they are not based on the full pound of copper, the original as, but upon the later reduced value. — aeris: equal to assium; here probably reckoned of the value of one-tenth of a denarius (15 to 20 cts.). The fortune of the first class would therefore be about two thousand dollars of our money. - censum, fortune; an almost technical use of the word; properly, rating. confecit, he made up.-centurias: hêre not a definite number, but a division of the class, whatever number it hap pened to be. - seniorum: from forty-five to sixty. - iuniorum: from seventeen to forty-five. 2. omnes: i.e. both seniors and juniors. ad urbis, etc. : the whole was especially a military institution, although used also for other purposes. essent: depending on confecit. imperata: they were obliged to provide their own equipment; this sense of requisition is undoubtedly the original one of impero.-galea: a leather cap with metal mountings. clipeum (here neuter) the round shield like that carried by Greek warriors. tegumenta corporis : i.e. defensive armor, opposed to tela. -que et: for et... et, as often in Livy; cf. II. 59. 7. - - M 3 Additae huic classi duae fabrum centuriae, quae sine armis stipendia facerent; datum munus ut machinas in 4 bello ferrent. Secunda classis intra centum usque ad quinque et septuaginta milium censum instituta, et ex iis, senioribus iunioribusque, viginti conscriptae centuriae. Arma imperata scutum pro clipeo et praeter loricam 5 omnia eadem. Tertiae classis in quinquaginta milium censum esse voluit. Totidem centuriae et hae, eodemque discrimine aetatium factae; nec de armis quicquam 6 mutatum, ocreae tantum ademptae. In quarta classe census quinque et viginti milium, totidem centuriae factae; arma mutata, nihil praeter hastam et verutum da7 tum. Quinta classis aucta, centuriae triginta factae; fundas lapidesque missiles hi secum gerebant; in his 3. additae, etc.: the form of this statement indicates that these were not selected according to the census. - fabrum, engineers, but acting as a sort of artillery. - machinas: the engines for throwing stones and darts, corresponding to modern ord nance. 4. scutum: the oblong, curved shield of the later soldiers. —loricam: i.e. they had no bronze breastplate, which was made unnecessary by the size and shape of the shield. armor. 6. mutata, etc.: with the fourth class begin the distinctively lightarmed. They had no defensive verutum a light dart, not used as a lance, like the hasta, but only for a missile. With the hasta, however, they could form a part of the solid phalanx as well, but only in the rear of the heavyarmed. 7. in his accensi, etc.: no very satisfactory meaning can be made out of these words, because any view seems to be inconsistent with the known facts. The whole num |