4. Some of them you have known in the trying scenes of

war.

5. And when you shall here have exchanged your embraces, when you shall have once more pressed the hands which have been so often extended to give succor in adversity, then look abroad upon this lovely land which your young valor defended. 6. He had now entered the outskirts of the village.

7. There were rows of houses which he had never seen before, and those which had been his familiar haunts had disappeared.

8. Then all the people looked and saw that what the deepsighted poet said was true.

9. I hope you will enjoy your vacation.

10. We are reading Emerson's "Behavior," and find that it will be all or more than we can master.

11. I do believe you, my boy; for you have always shown an honest, manly spirit.

12. Have the times so changed, that merit cannot win without influence?

In these sentences the verbs am, art, is, and are are said to agree with their subjects I, thou, he, and we. As the subjects have person and number, the verbs agreeing with them are also said to have person and number.

In what person and number is am in the first sentence? art in the second sentence? is in the third sentence? are in the fourth sentence?

Thus verbs are said to agree with their subjects in person and number.

NOTE.

The form of the verb changes to agree with its subject in person and number in only a few instances.

The verb be, when used either as a principal verb or as an auxiliary, has these forms in the present indicative:

The person and number of a verb are its forms to suit the person and number of its subject.

A verb agrees with its subject in person and number; that is, it is singular or plural, and first, second, or third person, according to the number and person of its subject. Give the person and number of the verbs in the following sentences:

1. I am monarch of all I survey.

2. You may go if you will, but I remain here.

3. Admiral Dewey's flagship, the Olympia, led the proces

sion.

4. The time for action has come; will you lose your opportunity now?

5. Men of thought and men of action, clear the way.

6. What have you learned from your books that will help you in life?

7. I consent, sir, to this Constitution, because I expect no better, and because I am not sure that it is not the best.

8. You have in a common cause fought and triumphed together.

9. Observe good faith and justice toward all nations; cultivate peace and harmony with all.

10. It was one of the bravest deeds I ever witnessed.

11. Often there were five hundred negroes to a single white man, and yet through these dusky throngs the women and children walked in safety, and the unprotected homes rested in peace.

If we examine the different forms of certain verbs we shall see certain marked differences.

The verb love, without the use of other verb forms, gives love, loved, while the verb go gives go, went, gone.

We see that the forms of the verb love are formed regularly from a single root, while the verb go has an irregular formation for expressing its relations of time.

As these two verbs can fairly stand as types of different classes of verbs, we see that verbs are divided into two classes, called regular and irregular.

A study of these forms will show that:

1. The verbs in the first list form their past tense and past participle by adding d or ed to the present form of the verb.

2. We see that the past tense and past participle of the verbs in the second list are not formed by adding d or ed to the present.

NOTE. By some grammarians regular verbs are called weak verbs, and irregular verbs are called strong verbs.

LX.CONJUGATION OF THE VERB.

The conjugation of a verb is an orderly arrangement of all its forms in its various modes, tenses, persons, and numbers.

A principal verb is a verb that is not used in forming the modes and tenses of other verbs.

The principal parts of a verb are the present indicative or infinitive, the past tense of the indicative, and the past participle, because some one of these parts is found in each of its forms.

A defective verb is a verb in which any one of the principal parts is wanting. A redundant verb is one which has two forms for any one of these parts.

An auxiliary verb is one which is used to help form any mode or tense of another verb. The auxiliary verbs are shall, will, have, be and do.

May and can are used both as principal and as auxiliary verbs.

The past tense of shall is should, of will is would; the past of have is had, of may is might, of can is could.

A verb, when used as an auxiliary, helps express the meaning of the verb with which it is connected. Will, as a principal verb, expresses choice or determination.

Shall and will are used in forming the future tenses of verbs. Shall, when used with the pronoun of the first person, expresses simple futurity; in the second and third persons it expresses authority.