vania College (1834); "Address on the Anniversary of Washington's Birthday" (1846); Human Life, Baccalaureate Address" (1850); "Discourse on the Life and Character of Henry Clay" (1852); discourse delivered at Charleston, S. C., as president of the General Synod, etc. Besides these, he furnished valuable contributions, in the form of editorials, translations, baccalaureates, and articles, as co-editor of the Lutheran Intelligencer, and principal and associate editor of the Evangelical Review. As a writer, Dr. Krauth was forcible and ornate-as a scholar, comprehensive and thorough-as a preacher, natural and eloquent, and as an instructor, clear and accurate. Kind in disposition, generous in heart, affable in manners, and pleasant in conversation, he was a genial companion and a faithful friend. Honorable in his bearing, upright in all his intercourse with men, frank in the expression of his opinions, firm in adhering to what he deemed to be right, he commanded the respect and confidence of all who knew him. In the domestic circle he was at once a devoted husband and an indulgent, affectionate father. KREBS, JOHN MICHAEL, D. D., an American Presbyterian clergyman, born in Hagerstown, Maryland, May 6, 1804; died in New York City, September 30, 1867. His father was of German, his mother of English extraction. Ilis father was an enterprising merchant, and postmaster for many years of Hagerstown. The son was of a studious turn, and from his thirteenth to his eighteenth year, being intrusted with the care of the post-office, he spent all his leisure time in reading and study. Soon after his father's decease in 1822, his religious convictions became more deep and permanent, and he united with the Presbyterian Church in Hagerstown, and, desiring to devote himself to the work of the ministry, commenced a course of study under the pastor of that church, Rev. James Lind. In February, 1825, he entered Dickinson College, Carlisle, Pennsylvania, a year and a half in advance, and graduated with the highest honors of his class in September, 1827. He immediately commenced his theological studies under Rev. Dr. Duffield, and continued for two years, though most of the time teaching in the grammar-school connected with the college. In October, 1829, he was licensed to preach the Gospel by the Presbytery of Carlisle, and preached occasionally during the winter, still continuing his studies. In May, 1830, he determined to enter Princeton Theological Seminary, and visiting New York on his way, preached for a sabbath to the Rutgers Street Presbyterian Church. He was invited to become their stated supply, but gave no answer till after he had become matriculated at Princeton, when the application being renewed, he accepted it for a few weeks, intending to resume his place in the Seminary in the fall. In September, 1830, the Rutgers Street Church called him to be their pastor, and after some deliberation he accepted, and was installed November 12, 1830. His pastorate continued till his death-the church, however, having removed in 1862 to their new and elegant edifice, corner of Madison Avenue and Twenty-ninth Street. He received the degree of D. D. from Dickinson College in 1841. From 1837 to 1845 he was permanent clerk of the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church (O. S.), and in 1845 moderator of the same body, He was a director of the Theological Seminary at Princeton from 1842, and chosen president of that board in 1866. He had been a member of the Board of Foreign Missions from its organization, and for several years past its president. He was averse to appearing in print, though he wrote with great energy, perspicuity, and precision, and he has in consequence left of his published writings only a dozen or so occasional sermons, all of them so able as to excite the desire for more. In 1853 and 1865 he visited Europe for the restoration of his health. In the spring of 1866 he seemed in unusually robust health, but during the summer following he began to decline, and thenceforward suffered a gradual and at length almost complete decay, both of body and mind, for the last four months being unable to recognize the members of his own family. Rev. Dr. Sprague, who knew him intimately, says of him: "Dr. Krebs was intellectually, morally, and professionally, a man of mark. His perceptions were clear and quick, his judgment sound, and the whole habit of his mind eminently practical. Ilis convictions of truth and right were deep and earnest, and he adhered to them with an indomitable strength of purpose. He had a naturally open and generous spirit, and was incapable of the least approach to double-dealing, while yet he was not lacking in caution and forethought. His social qualities were of the highest order his richly-stored mind, his sparkling wit, his imperturbable and cheerful good-nature, and his perfect facility at commu nication, rendered him always welcome to any circle into which he was thrown. As a minister of the Gospel he may be said to have attained the highest rank. He was instructive, earnest, energetic, evangelical-his sermons were fitted to act as a mighty power upon both the intellect and the heart. As a pastor he was at once judicious, tender, and faithful, and as ready to minister to the humblest as the highest of his flock. In his more public relations to the Church, he exhibited a measure of executive skill and ability rarely equalled, and perhaps never surpassed." LAMBALLE, ANTOINE JOSEPH JOUBERT DE, an eminent French surgeon and author, born at Lamballe, in the department of Côtes-duNord, France, in 1799, died at Passy of insanity May 1, 1867. He early attained celebrity in his profession, and for many years was hardly second in eminence to Velpeau. He succeeded Magendie as a member of the Academy, and, like him, devoted much attention to physiology, and especially to the physiology of the nervous system and the uterus. In 1849 he was made a commander in the Legion of Honor. He wrote much and well, amid his constant labors as a surgeon and professor. His most important works are, (6 Theory and Practice of Surgical Disorders of the Intestinal Canal "-a treatise which received a prize from the Institute; "Studies on the Nervous System; "Treatise on Plastic Surgery; ""Researches on the Texture of the Uterus." He became suddenly insane about eighteen months before his death, and never recovered his reason sufficiently to recognize his friends. LAROCHEJAQUELEIN, HENRI DU VERGIER, Marquis de, a French Legitimist Peer, but since December, 1852, a Senator of the French Empire, born in La Vendée, in 1804; died at Pecq, near St. Germain-en-Laye, France, January 7, 1867. He was the son of Louis de Rochejaquelein, commander of the last Vendean army, and of Marie Louise Victoire de Donissan de Rochejaquelein, the heroine of La Vendée. At the Restoration in 1815 he was created a Peer of France, though but eleven years of age, but had never taken his seat in the House of Peers when the Revolution of July, 1830, took place. He entered the military service of the Bourbons in 1821, made the campaign of Spain under the Duke d'Angoulême in 1823, and was captain in the Horse Grenadiers of the Royal Guard in 1828. In that year he petitioned the King to be allowed to serve in the Greek War of Independence, but was refused. He obtained leave, however, to join the Russian army, as a simple volunteer, in the campaign of the Balkan against the Turks. It was while thus engaged that the Revolution of 1830 occurred, and, unwilling to serve the house of Orleans in any capacity, he resigned his peerage. From that time till 1842 he devoted himself to industrial pursuits, but without improving his fortune by his industry. In 1842, the electors of Ploërmel, in the Morbihan, returned him to the Chamber of Deputies. He took his seat, and was the most violent member of the Legitimist opposition in his attacks upon the Government. On one occasion, when an attempt was made to cast a stigma upon the Legitimists for having visited and paid homage to the Count de Chambord, he replied with great indignation to the charges of the Government, resigned his L seat, and appealed to the judgment of the electors of the Morbihan, who reelected him almost by acclamation, and sent him back to the Chamber. He was an ardent advocate for the plébiscite, or appeal to the popular vote, in regard to the choice of a ruler, and there grew up a coolness between him and the Legitimist party and its head, the Count de Chambord, who were bitterly opposed to popular suffrage. This estrangement grew wider after the proclamation of the republic and the establishment of the empire, which Larochejaquelein accepted as the expression of the popular vote, though, as far as his personal predilections were concerned, he professed to be still a Legitimist. In 1852 he was named by the Emperor a Senator, and the acceptance of this position by him created a great sensation among the Legitimists. He took a frequent though not prominent part in the debates of the Senate, and was, in particular, conspicuous for his uncompromising defence of the temporal power of the Pope. On this point he was strenuous, and more than once came into sharp collision with Prince Napoleon on the subject. LAVIALLE, Right Rev. PIERRE J., Catholic Bishop of Louisville, born in Mauriac, France, in 1820; died at Nazareth Academy, near Bardstown, Ky., May 11, 1867. He came to the United States when about twenty-three years of age, but not until he had finished his collegiate and theological courses in the universities of his native city. In the year following his arrival in this country he was ordained priest, and during the year immediately ensuing he performed the holy functions of that order in New York. At the expiration of the first year of his priesthood he was made Professor of Theology in St. Mary's College, Lebanon, Ky., which chair he occupied with great distinction until 1855. In that year he was called to the presidency of St. Mary's College. During his presidency, in 1859, he was appointed Bishop of Savannah, but declined the honor, and remained president of St. Mary's until his appointment as Bishop of Louisville, vice Bishop John M. Spalding, elected Archbishop of Baltimore, in 1865. He was consecrated in September of that year. From that time Bishop Lavialle labored with remarkable zeal in the fulfilment of his duties as bishop. He founded several new educational and benevolent institutions, and indeed his labors were so extraordinary that to common minds they seemed impossible of accomplishment. He was emphatically a working-man. Almost every part of his diocese felt the improving influence of his giant energies. He left a record that will cause his memory to be revered by the latest posterity. His last illness, which was protracted, commencing in December, 1866, was the result of his over exertions in a visitation throughout his extended diocese. He died calmly and peacefully, surrounded by numerous members of his clergy, after having received all the consolations of religion. He had won, during his residence in Louisville, not only the love and confidence of his own clergy and people, but the esteem and respect of the citizens generally. LAWRENCE, Sir WILLIAM, Baronet, F. R. S., M. R. C. S., Sergeant-Surgeon to the Queen, a distinguished English surgeon and professor, born in Cirencester, July 16, 1783; died in London, of paralysis, July 5, 1867. He received a preliminary education at a classical school near Gloucester, and was afterward apprenticed to the celebrated Abernethy, of London. Before three years of his apprenticeship had expired he was appointed Demonstrator of Anatomy at St. Bartholomew's Hospital, so decided was his zeal in anatomical pursuits. He finished his professional education, and became a member of the Royal College of Surgeons on the 6th of September, 1805, was appointed assistant surgeon to St. Bartholomew's Hospital in March, 1813, and succeeded to one of the principal surgeoncies in May, 1824. He had previously been chosen one of the Professors of Anatomy and Surgery to the College of Surgeons, and delivered the lectures there for four years. For several years Mr. Lawrence lectured on surgery at different medical schools, his celebrated lectures on the Physiology, Zoology, and Natural History of Man giving rise to the charge of materialism, as well as being the subject of severe criticism. The Governors of the Royal Hospitals of Bethlehem and Bridewell requested the author either to resign his appointment as surgeon of those institutions or to retract his convictions. In compliance with this demand, he wrote a long letter, expressing regret at having given utterance to the pernicious doctrines contained in the lectures, the published copies of which he afterward sold to a London publisher for exportation to this country. Mr. Lawrence's lectures always drew large classes. His manner as a lecturer was a model of art; no man excelled him. His person, gestures, countenance, and voice, were dignified, impressive, and persuasive. A graceful ease, a simplicity of style and statement characterized his address. There was a clearness of method, a terseness of expression, without being epigrammatic (for scientific subjects rarely allow that), a perspicuity in his discourse, that made it a pleasure to follow him. His surgical operations were remarkable for neatness, imperturbable sang-froid, celerity, and safety. All the anatomical and physiological articles in Rees's Encyclopædia were written by Mr. Lawrence, and in 1830-31 appeared his well-known treatise on "The Diseases of the Eye." In 1826 he made himself conspicuous in his opposition to the Council of the Royal College of Surgeons, although two years subsequently he became a member of the same Council, having been elected to fill a vacancy occasioned by the death of Sir P. McGregor, and in 1840 was promoted to a seat in the Court of Examiners. In 1834 and 1846 he delivered the Hunterian Orations. He was remarkable for the tenacity with which he retained the offices which he held, notwithstanding his severe denunciations of others for doing the same thing. Thus he refused to retire from the position of principal surgeon to St. Bartholomew's Hospital till he was upward of eighty years of age, although he had held it for nearly forty years, and did not resign his appointment as a member of the Court of Examiners of the Royal College of Surgeons, which he had held for twenty-seven years, until he was stricken down with paralysis in May, 1867. He was a member of many learned and scientific societies both at home and abroad, and had obtained the highest honors which can fall to the lot of a surgeon. In addition to those already mentioned, he had been twice elected president of the Royal College of Surgeons, viz., in 1846 and again in 1855. In 1864 he was chosen a corresponding member of the French Institute. On the passing of the Medical Act and the institution of a Council of Medical Education and Registration, Sir William was nominated by the crown a member of that body. He was the senior sergeant-surgeon of the Queen, and only a few months previous was created a baronet. LIBERIA, a republican state of Western Africa, founded in 1822 by free negroes from the United States of North America, under the auspices of the American Colonization Society. As the frontier of the republic is not fixed, its area cannot be ascertained. The extent of the territory along the Guinea coast is about 225 miles. The population, in 1867, was estimated at 17,000 civilized and 700,000 uncivilized negroes. The President of the republic is elected for a term of two years, and may be reëlected at the expiration of his term. The republic has thus far had only three Presidents, namely: J. J. Roberts (1848 to 1856), Stephen A. Benson (1856 to 1864), and Dr. B. Warner (1864 to 1868). At the presidential election held in 1867, none of the candidates received an absolute majority, and the election would consequently devolve upon the Legislature. The Senate, which is presided over by the Vice-President, consists of eight members (two for each county), who are elected for a term of four years. There are thirteen members of the Lower House, who are elected for a term of two years. The United States are represented in Liberia by a minister-resident and consul-general at present, John Seys, who was appointed in 1866. A communication to the Almanach de Gotha for 1868 gives the receipts of the last year as $78,442, the expenditures as $76,165; surplus, $2,276. The exports of the last year were estimated at $436,571. LIECHTENSTEIN, a German principality, which formerly belonged to the German Confederation, but, since the establishment of the 430 North-German Confederation in 1866, has had LIPPE, a principality belonging to the The list of published books, manufactured in the United States, is somewhat larger than in 1865 or 1866, numbering 2,110 distinct works, against 1,905 in 1866, and 1,802 in 1865. This does not include English or French works imported in editions for the American market. Of these the number was much smaller than in Of the 2,110 works pubthe previous year. lished in 1867, 323 were either reprints or translations (of the latter there were 54). Of the reprints, 111 were novels, 33 were religious works, 46 juveniles, 37 scientific works, 11 historical works, each 12 volumes of poetry and essays, orations, etc.; 6 books of travel, and one biography. But though the number of publications was considerably larger than the previous year, the quantities sold were much less. Very few books realized a large sale. The subscription publishing houses, accustomed to reckon their Of works on natural science there were 46, 17; of collections of music, 24; of books of travel and discovery, 67; of works on military and naval science, only 5; of agricultural treatises, 20; of books for the young, 376, of which 286 were religious, 9 tales of travel and adventure, 15 elementary, toy, and instructive books, and 66 of a general character. Twenty-four works, belonging to none of the foregoing classes, were set down as miscellaneous. In the Class of BIOGRAPHY, the most important of the Collective Biographies were: Memoirs of Rhode Island Officers during the Rebellion; 34 Portraits, by Hon. J. Russell Bartlett. The Picture and the Men; or Biographies of Presi- ton. Woman's Work in the Civil War: Biographical Sketches of some of the most Active Laborers in the Sanitary Commission Hospitals, etc., by L. P. Brockett, M. D. and Mrs. Mary C. Vaughan. Lives of Carey, Marshman, and Ward, by J. C. Marshman. Harvard Memorial Biographies, edited by T. W. Higginson. Abbott's Lives of the Presidents of the United States. Headley's Lives of the Generals of the Union Army. Biographical Sketches of Distinguished New York Physicians, by Dr. S. W. Francis. Lee and his Lieutenants, by E. A. Pollard. Headley's Farragut and Our Naval Commanders. The Queens of American Society, by Mrs. E. F. Ellet. Boy Artists; from the French of Madame Eugenie Foa. Life of Curran, by Davis, and of Grattan, by Madden. Lives of the Reformers and Martyrs, before, since, and independent of, the Lutheran Reformation, by William Hodgson. The People's Pictorial Lives of the Saints. Missionary Patriots; The Brothers Schneider, by Of Individual Biographies, the principal were: Early Crowned, a Memorial of Mary E. North, by Louisa J. Cronch. Recollections of General Henry W. Allen, by Sarah A. Dorsey. Life of Lessing, from the German of Adolph Stahr, by E. P. Evans, Ph. D. Life and Times of Red Jacket, by the late William L. Stone, with a Memoir of the Author by his Son. Father Mathew, by S. R. Wells. History of Abraham Lincoln and the overthrow of Slavery, by Hon. Isaac M. Arnold. Journal of Maurice Guerin, with Matthew Arnold's Life of Captain Michael Cresap, by John J. Jacob. Life, Speeches, and Addresses of the Hon. Henry . Life of Andrew Johnson, by Lillian Foster. Sketch of Henry Hudson, the Navigator, by Dr. G. Joan of Arc, a Biography, by Sarah A. Grimke. President Reed of Pennsylvania, a Reply to Mr. George Bancroft and others, by W. B. Keed. A Commemorative Sermon on the Life and Labors of Rev. W. M. Van Wagener, by Rev. S. H. Tyng, Jr. Sermons and Memoir of Rev. Samuel Abbot'. Smith, by E. J. Young. Life and Works of Horace Mann, edited by Mrs. Mary Mann. Life of Carl Ritter, by Rev. W. L. Gage. Memoir of W. D. Brincklé, M. D., by Dr. E. B. Gardette. Jonah, the Prophet; Lessons of his Life, by Professor Gaussen. Memorial Volume on F. L. Hawks, D. D., LL. D., with Sermons and Addresses by Rev. Drs. Richardson, Morgan, and others. Life of William Woodbridge, by Charles Lanman. Services at the Funeral of Right Rev. Leonidas Polk, with Bishop Elliott's Funeral Sermon, etc. Life of Catherine McAuley, Foundress and First Superior of the Institute of Religious Sisters of Mercy, by a Member of the Order of Mercy. Life of St. Dominic, by the Most Rev. J. Š. Alemany, D. D. Memorial of Mrs. Mary E. Sarles, by Rev. Dr. J. Autobiography and Memoir of Rev. Sylvanus Cobb, Memorial of Elliot Beecher Preston, of Rockville, Memorial of Rev. E. B. Hall, D. D., of Providence, The Story of a Penitent, Lola Montez. Memorial of the Life and Ministry of Rev. Lo: The Little Helper; a Memoir of Florence A. Caswell, by Lavinia S. Goodwin. Emanuel Swedenborg, as Philosopher and Man of Science, by R. L. Tafel. History of Blessed Margaret Mary, by Father Charles Daniels. The Forest Boy, by Rev. Z. A. Mudge. A Life of Abraham Lincoln. Falling in Harness, by Rev. H. C. Trumbull. Life of Rev. J. W. Benton. Early Years of H. R. H. the Prince Consort, compiled under the direction of the Queen, by Lieutenant-General Grey. Life of Josiah Quincy, by his Son, Edmund Quin cy. The American Boy's Life of Washington, by Mrs. Anna M. Hyde. Sketch of the Life of David Thurston, by Rev. T. Adams. Armsmear: a Memorial of Samuel Colt. Biography, Speeches and Correspondence of Dan- Life of Rev. J. B. M. Vianny, by the Abbé Mon- |