means the observance of such standard or standards within such State or subdivision thereof. SEC. 20. The agency may provide for the publication of reports, orders, maps, and other information pertaining to standard time zones in the form best adapted for public information and use, and such authorized publications shall, without further proof or authentication, be received as competent evidence of matters contained therein in any court of competent jurisdiction. SEC. 21. An Act entitled "An Act to save daylight and to provide standard time for the United States" approved March 19, 1918, as amended, an Act entitled "An Act to transfer the Panhandle and Plains section of Texas and Oklahoma to the United States standard central time zone", approved March 4, 1921, and all laws and parts of laws in conflict herewith are hereby repealed. [S. 1195, 88th Cong., 1st sess.] A BILL To establish a system of time standards and measurement for the United States and to promote the uniform observance of such time standards for all purposes Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That this Act may be cited as "The Time Act of 1963". SEC. 2. For the purpose of establishing a more uniform system of time and tc fix the standard of time measurement for United States, the territory of the United States shall be divided into eight zones in the manner provided in this Act. SEC. 3. The general zone system of standard time, under which the local standard time is determined in relation to the mean astronomical time of one of the twenty-four hour meridians occurring every fifteenth degree of longitude west or east from Greenwich, England, is hereby recognized and adopted so far as applicable to the territory of the United States. SEC. 4. The standard time based on the mean astronomical time of the sixtieth degree of longitude west from Greenwich shall be known and designated as United States Atlantic standard time; that of the seventy-fifth degree as United States eastern standard time; that of the ninetieth degree as United States central standard time; that of the one hundred and fifth degree as United States mountain standard time; that of the one hundred and twentieth degree as United States Pacific standard time; that of the one hundred and thirty-fifth degree as United States Yukon standard time; that of the one hundred and fiftieth degree as United States Alaska-Hawaii standard time; and that of the one hundred and sixty-fifth degree as United States Bering standard time. SEC. 5. (a) The limits of each zone shall be defined by an order of the Secretary of Commerce, hereinafter called the Secretary, and may be modified from time to time. (b) Determinations heretofore made by the Interstate Commerce Commission and in effect on the effective date of this Act shall continue in effect unless and until modified or changed by an appropriate order of the Secretary. "Daylight saving" or other advanced time may continue to be observed, as it has been observed in the past, until the Secretary has authorized advanced time zones or for one year after the effective date of this Act, whichever comes first. SEC. 6. In determining the limits of the several zones the Secretary shall, among other things, consider the appropriateness of the standard of time for the particular areas concerned. So far as practicable, the boundaries of the zones shall be reasonably straight north-south lines, shall be located in sparsely populated areas, and shall follow natural or well-known boundaries. No particular section or group shall be entitled to special consideration, but the line shall be drawn where, in the judgment of the Secretary, it best promotes the safety, convenience, and welfare of the country as a whole. The Secretary shall not, except as provided in section 7, include in any zone a point or area for which the standard time of the zone would be more than thirty minutes slower or more than one hour faster than local mean astronomical time. SEC. 7. Within each zone, the Secretary is authorized to define the limits of an advanced time subzone; and in each year, from 2 o'clock antemeridian on the last Sunday in April until 2 o'clock antemeridian on the last Sunday in October, each advanced time subzone, as thus defined shall be transferred to and made a part of the zone immediately to the east, and the legal time of such subzone shall be the standard time of the zone into which it is temporarily so transferred. In determining the limits of any such subzone, the Secretary shall not in any instance include a point or area for which the standard time of the zone to the east, to which the subzone is temporarily transferred, would be more than one hour and thirty minutes faster than local mean astronomical time. SEC. 8. (a) In defining or modifying the boundaries between the respective zones or subzones, the Secretary shall have authority to conduct such hearings and investigations as are necessary for the effective administration of this Act. In conducting such hearings and investigations, the Secretary shall have authority to require by compulsory process or otherwise the attendance and testimony of witnesses and the production of all books, papers, records, and documents relating to any matter under investigation. (b) Any person, organization, or State or political subdivision thereof may file with the Secretary a petition seeking the establishment or modification of a boundary of a zone or a subzone. After investigation of the merits of the petition, including a public hearing, the Secretary may deny the petition or grant such relief as he finds justified in the public interest. SEC. 9. The Administrative Procedure Act (60 Stat. 238) shall apply to all proceedings under section 8 of this Act. SEC. 10. (a) Except as otherwise provided herein or as specifically authorized by the Secretary, within the respective zones established under the authority of this Act the standard time of the zone shall be the exclusive time for the transaction of all public business by any agency or department of the United States, or by any officer, agent, employer, or representative of such agency or department, and shall be observed by all common carriers engaged in interstate or foreign commerce or communication by wire or radio. (b) Nothing herein shall prevent the use for scientific purposes of standards of time differing from that of the zone, subject to reasonable regulations prescribed by the Secretary respecting the use of such information so as to protect the public from confusion and inconvenience. The Secretary may provide other exceptions upon a finding that the safety and convenience of the public will be served. In such instances, the Secretary shall impose such reasonable conditions as he may deem in the public interest. (c) The Secretary is authorized and directed to foster widespread and uniform adoption on the part of the States and political subdivisions thereof of the standard or standards of time herein provided for the zone or zones in which such State or subdivision is located. SEC. 11. In all statutes, orders, rules, and regulations relating to (1) the time of performance of any act by any agency or department of the United States, or by any officer, agent, employee, or representative of such agency or department; or (2) the time when any right shall mature or terminate; or (3) the time within which any act shall or shall not be performed, the time specified shall be the standard time of the zone within which the act is to be performed or not performed, or within which the right is to mature or terminate. SEC. 12. Any person knowingly and willfully violating any provision of this Act or any rule, regulation, requirement, or order thereunder shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor and upon conviction thereof be subject for each offense to a fine of not more than $500. Each day of such violation shall constitute a separate offense. SEC. 13. If any person shall fail or refuse to comply with any provision of this Act or any rule, regulation, requirement, or order thereunder, the Secretary or his duly authorized agent may apply to the district court of the United States for any district in which such offense occurs, or in which the offender is found, for the enforcement of such provision of this Act, or of such rule, regulation, requirement, or order; and such court shall have jurisdiction to enforce obedience thereto by writ of injunction or by other process, mandatory or otherwise, restraining said person, or his or its officers, agents, employees, and representatives from further violation of such provision of this Act or of such rule, regulation, requirement, or order and enjoining upon him or its obedience thereto. SEC. 14. Any person who shall fail or refuse to comply with any provision of this Act or any rule, regulation, requirement, or order thereunder shall forfeit to the United States a sum not to exceed $200 for each such offense, and, in the case of a continuing violation, not to exceed $100 for each additional day during which such failure or refusal shall continue. All forfeitures provided for in this section shall be payable into the Treasury of the United States and shall be recoverable in a civil suit by the Secretary, or his duly authorized agent, brought in the district where such offense occurs or where the offender is found. All process in any such case may be served in the judicial district whereof such offender is an inhabitant or wherever he may be found. SEC. 15. The Secretary shall provide for the publication of reports, orders, maps, and other information pertaining to standard time zones in the form best adapted for public information and use, and such authorized publications shall, without further proof or authentication, be received as competent evidence of matters contained therein in any court of competent jurisdiction. SEC. 16. The Act entitled "An Act to save daylight and to provide standard time for the United States", approved March 19, 1918 (40 Stat. 450) and the Act entitled "An Act to transfer the Panhandle and Plains section of Texas and Oklahoma to the United States standard central time zone", approved March 4, 1921 (41 Stat. 1446), are hereby repealed. SEC. 17. This Act shall take effect at 2 o'clock antemeridian on the Sunday following the ninetieth day after the day of its enactment. [S. 1394, 88th Cong., 1st sess.] A BILL To establish daylight saving time uniformly throughout the United States during the months of June, July, and August of each year Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That during the period commencing at 2 o'clock antemeridian on June 1 of each year and ending at 2 o'clock antemeridian on September 1 of each year, the standard time of each zone prescribed by the Act of March 19, 1918, as amended (40 Stat. 450; 15 U.S.C., secs. 261-264) shall be advanced one hour. SEC. 2. State or political subdivision thereof shall prescribe any time to be observed within such State or such political subdivision, as the case may be, in conflict with the provisions of the Act of May 19, 1918, as amended, and of the first section of this Act. DEAR MR. CHAIRMAN: This is in reply to your request of March 13, 1963, for comments on S. 1033, the proposed Standard Time Act of 1963, and your further request of March 29, 1963, for comments on S. 1195, the proposed Time Act of 1963. The purpose of both bills is to establish a more uniform system of time and to fix the standard of time measurement for the United States. Both bills would divide the territory of the United States into 8 zones, which are parts of the international system of 24 zones stretching from Greenwich east and west around the world, and both authorize the delineation of subzones for advanced time and fix uniform dates for switching to and from advanced time. The principal and most significant difference in the bills is that S. 1033 contains provisions that would govern administration of the act and its enforcement, while S. 1195 is silent in this regard. Also, S. 1195 would lodge administration of the act in the Secretary of Commerce, while S. 1033 leaves determination of the administering agency to the Congress. The existing Standard Time Act, enacted in 1918, is devoid of enforcement procedure, and the deficiencies of the act in general undoubtedly have contributed to the prevailing lack of uniformity of time observance across the Nation. There are 28 States which observe daylight saving time and 22 which do not. Of the 28 which observe it, 14 do so on the basis of local option and only 11 of them observe the same switchover dates for going on and off daylight time. Under such unsystematic procedures, with State and local governments acting independently, great confusion prevails with regard to time standards. In fact, there does not appear to be any single agency or other central source of information available today that can with certainty provide information as to pre cisely what time prevails on a given date on a community-to-community basis. Not only is the lack of time uniformity a serious and costly inconvenience to the whole field of transportation, and the traveler as well, but it is a concern of Federal, State, and local governments generally. It obviously has potentially significant implications for military preparedness and civil defense. Since its establishment under the provisions of Public Law 86-380 in 1959, the Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental Relations has from time to time received suggestions that it undertake a study of the intergovernmental implications of the problem of time uniformity. It has not done so because of the priority given other pressing intergovernmental problems. Also, the ramifications of the issue are so numerous and the interests involved so extensive that the whole matter should be aired in the forum of public hearings. Although authorized by its enabling act to do so, the Advisory Commission has not felt that it is equipped to undertake the kind of public hearings the question of time uniformity deserves. In light of the foregoing considerations, we believe that hearings by your committee are essential to identify the points of agreement and disagreement among the different levels of government concerned. If our staff can be helpful in any way to your staff in this connection please let us know. Sincerely yours, WM. G. COLMAN, Executive Director. ADVISORY COMMISSION ON INTERGOVERNMENTAL RELATIONS, Hon. WARREN G. MAGNUSON, Chairman, Committee on Commerce, Washington, D.C., April 25, 1963. DEAR MR. CHAIRMAN: This is in reply to your request of April 15, 1963, for comments on the corrected copy of S. 1195, the proposed Time Act of 1963. As indicated in our letter of April 3, 1963, commenting on S. 1195, the bill as originally introduced was silent with respect to administration of the act and its enforcement. The revised star print of the bill is corrected to provide for the earlier omissions. We have no further comments to make beyond those in the letter of April 3. We indicated our belief that hearings by your committee were essential to identify the points of agreement and disagreement among the different levels of government concerned about the problem of time uniformity. We were gratified to learn that you have scheduled hearings to begin late this month. As stated in our earlier letter if our staff can be of any help to the committee staff in this matter, please let us know. Sincerely yours, WM. G. COLMAN, Executive Director. CIVIL AERONAUTICS BOARD, Washington, D.C., April 26, 1963. Hon. WARREN G. MAGNUSON, Chairman, Committee on Commerce, U.S. Senate, Washington, D.C. DEAR MR. CHAIRMAN: This is in reply to your letters of March 11 and 29, 1963, requesting the Board's comments on S. 1033, a bill to establish a uniform system of time standards and measurement for the United States and to require the observance of such time standards for all purposes, and S. 1195, a bill to establish a system of time standards and measurement for the United States and to promote the uniform observance of such time standards for all purposes. Both bills would repeal the Standard Time Act of March 19, 1918 (40 Stat. 450), establish certain time zones for the United States, provide for the establishment of daylight saving time under certain circumstances, require that the standard time of each zone shall be the measure of time for certain purposes within such zone unless otherwise authorized, and provide penalties for violations. S. 1033 would be administered by such agency as might be designated by the Congress, while S. 1195 would be administered by the Secretary of Commerce. The other principal difference between the two bills is that S. 1033 requires that the standard time of the zone, unless otherwise authorized, shall be the measure of time for the transaction of all public business by the Federal or State Governments or by persons subject to the jurisdiction of the United States, while S. 1195 does not make such requirement applicable to State governments but does make it applicable to common carriers engaged in interstate or foreign commerce. The Board is in accord with the objectives of the bills to provide a more uniform system of time standards for the United States. The Interstate Commerce Commission, which has the responsibility for defining the limits of the existing time zones under the Standard Time Act, states in its justification of a draft bill submitted to the Congress, which is identical to S. 1033, that its experience demonstrates that any attempt to confine the application of the standard of time solely to Federal matters or to interstate commerce, while local matters or intrastate commerce are governed by a different standard, is bound to result in chaos. The Commission adds that the original idea of Congress that a Federal standard would dominate and control local time has not been borne out in practice. It further states that the conflict between Federal and local standards is usually resolved by the observance of local time by Federal officers and establishments. The Board believes that the interests of air transportation, as well as other forms of transportation, would be furthered by greater uniformity in time changes on a nationwide basis. Air carriers distribute time tables showing time changes at individual points because of variations in time observance in different parts of the country. The establishment of a uniform cutoff date for daylight saving time, for example, would result in cost savings to the aviation industry as well as greater convenience to the traveling public. The Board believes, as the Interstate Commerce Commission pointed out, that uniformity cannot be achieved with local matters or intrastate commerce being governed by a standard of time different from that applicable to Federal matters or to interstate commerce. S. 1033 is, therefore, preferable to S. 1195 since the latter bill would be applicable only to the Federal Government and to common carriers in interstate or foreign commerce, and would leave to State and local governments the authority to determine whether the standard time of the zone should govern matters therein. The Board has been advised by the Bureau of the Budget that there is no objection to the submission of this report from the standpoint of the administration's program. Sincerely yours, ROBERT T. MURPHY, Vice Chairman. COMPTROLLER GENERAL OF THE UNITED STATES, Hon. WARREN G. MAGNUSON, Chairman, Committee on Commerce, U.S. Senate. DEAR MR. CHAIRMAN: By letter dated March 11, 1963, acknowledged March 13, you requested our comments on S. 1033, 88th Congress. The stated purpose of the measure is to establish a uniform system of time standards and measurement for the United States and to require the observance of such time standards for all purposes. We have no special information that would be of assistance in the consideration of S. 1033 and therefore have no comments to offer regarding its enactment. Sincerely yours, JOSEPH CAMPBELL, Comptroller General of the United States. Hon. WARREN G. MAGNUSON, COMPTROLLER GENERAL OF THE UNITED STATES, Chairman, Committee on Commerce, U.S. Senate. DEAR MR. CHAIRMAN: By letter dated March 29, 1963, acknowledged April 1, you requested our comments on S. 1195. The stated purpose of this measure is to establish a system of time standards and measurement for the United States and to promote the uniform observance of such time standards for all purposes. |