Hearing on National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1990--H.R. 2461 and Oversight of Previously Authorized Programs Before the Committee on Armed Services, House of Representatives, One Hundred First Congress, First Session: Department of Energy, Defense Nuclear Facilities Panel Hearing on Naval Nuclear Propulsion Program--1990 : Hearing Held March 21, 1989U.S. Government Printing Office, 1990 - 190 lappuses |
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Admiral DEMARS airborne radioactivity annual associated with Naval average cancer carbon 14 cobalt 60 Commission on Radiological CONGRESS THE LIBRARY container curie Department of Energy dosimeters DOSIMETRY DOSIMETRY DEVICE environment ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING LOCATIONS Environmental Protection Agency Federal gamma internal radioactivity Ionizing Radiation KAPL Knolls Laboratory less leukemia LIBRARY OF CONGRESS limit Liquid Releases low-level minimize Mohawk River natural background Naval Nuclear Propulsion Naval nuclear-powered ships Naval Reactors Navy nuclear propulsion plants Nuclear Propulsion Program Nuclear Regulatory Commission NYSDEC occupational exposure occupational radiation exposure operations overhaul personnel monitored personnel radiation exposure Portsmouth Naval Shipyard procedures Protection Agency Report Protection and Measurements radiation exposure radiation exposure received Radiation Protection radioactive contamination radioactive material radioactive waste radioactivity released Radiological Protection radionuclides reactor coolant reactor plant SEDIMENT SAMPLE POINT shipments solid waste SPRATT submarine support facilities Table total man-rem tritium U. S. Naval nuclear-powered U. S. Nuclear Regulatory WATER SAMPLE POINT workers
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170. lappuse - One conclusion from these reports is that radiation exposures to personnel should be minimized. This is not a new conclusion. It has been a major driving force of the Naval Nuclear Propulsion Program.
144. lappuse - TLD's and TLD readers in uae at program activities. Precision TLD's are pre-exposed to exact amounts of radiation by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, formerly the National Bureau of Standards, and provided to program activities for reading.
72. lappuse - PROCESSING AND CONTROL Policy and Procedures Minimizing Release of Radioactivity In Harbors The policy of the US Navy is to reduce to the minimum practicable the amounts of radioactivity released to the environment, particularly within twelve miles from shore including into harbors. This policy is consistent with applicable recommendations issued by the Federal Radiation Council (incorporated...
69. lappuse - SUMMARY The radioactivity in materials discussed in this report originates in the pressurized water reactors of US Naval nuclear-powered ships. As of the end of 1988, the US Navy had 134 nuclear-powered submarines and fourteen nuclear-powered surface ships in operation.
72. lappuse - The principal source of radioactivity in liquid wastes is from trace amounts of corrosion and wear products from reactor plant metal surfaces in contact with reactor cooling water. Radionuclides with half-lives greater than one day in these corrosion and wear products include tungsten 187, chromium 51, hafnium 181, iron 59, iron 55, nickel 63, zirconiua 95, tantalum 182, manganese 54, cobalt 58, and cobalt 60.
103. lappuse - Naval nuclear-powered ships and support facilities have not caused a measurable increase in the general background radioactivity of the environment. 4. Low-level cobalt 60 radioactivity in harbor bottom sediment is detectable around a few...
105. lappuse - National Council on Radiation Protection .and Measurements, Report No. 22, "Maximum Permissible Body Burdens and Maximum Permissible Concentrations of Radionuclides in Air and Water for Occupational Exposure," (Published as National Bureau of Standards Handbook 69, Issued June 1959, superseding Handbook 52).
75. lappuse - However, trace quantities of naturally occurring uranium impurities in reactor structural materials release small amounts of fission products to reactor coolant. The concentrations of fission products and the volumes of reactor coolant released are so low, however, that the total radioactivity attributed to long-lived fission product radionuclides, strontium 90 and cesium 137, in releases from US Naval nuclear-powered ships and their support facilities has been less than 0.001 curie per year for...
80. lappuse - ... nuclear-powered ships and their support facilities. These low level radioactive materials are required to be strictly controlled to prevent loss. These controls include Naval accountability procedures which require serialized tagging and marking and signatures by radiological ly trained personnel.
77. lappuse - Carbon 14 decays with a half-life of 5,730 years; however, only low energy beta radiation is emitted as a result of this decay process. As a result, the radioactivity concentration guide for carbon 14 in its chemical form in air issued by the International Commission on Radiological Protection, the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements, the 0.