Admiral, we can adjourn and finish the Navy hearing next week. Admiral HAYWARD. Whenever it is convenient to you next week. The CHAIRMAN. We will ask Mr. Ducander to communicate with you.

If there is no further business, we will adjourn until 10 o'clock tomorrow morning.

(Whereupon, the committee recessed, to reconvene at 10 a.m., Thursday, February 5, 1959.)

MISSILE DEVELOPMENT AND SPACE SCIENCES

HOUSE OF RFPRESENTATIVES,

COMMITTEE ON SCIENCE AND ASTRONUATICS, Washington, D.C., Thursday, February 5, 1959.

EXECUTIVE SESSION

The committee met in executive session at 10 a.m., in the caucus room, Old House Office Building, the Honorable Overton Brooks, chairman, presiding.

The CHAIRMAN. The committee will go into executive session. Mr. Donovan.

We are sort of flying on one short wing and one long wing this morning. We will see how it works this way. One side has more members than the other side, with the chairman on the side.

Mr. FULTON. Would the Chairman yield?

The CHAIRMAN. I yield.

Mr. FULTON. I would like to put in the record the fine way the hearings have been conducted so far and thank the Chairman for his courtesy and his efficient methods.

The CHAIRMAN. We will certainly let the record show that. We appreciate that.

Mr. MILLER. Mr. Chairman, may I say the members who sit on your left have gone a long way to make for this fine cooperation.

The CHAIRMAN. We appreciate the cooperation of everyone on the committee. It makes it much easier if we have a single job to do, and we are trying to do it. I appreciate the kind remarks, however. I might say, also, the microphones are off this morning for the reason that this is executive session and you have these offices behind. For that reason we thought the microphone should be off.

Now, if you members don't hear, I wish you would speak up. We will ask the witness to raise his voice a little bit, and in the event, further, if you wish to come on this side, it would be all right. Now, Mr. Allen F. Donovan, vice president, director, Astrovehicles Laboratory, Space Technology Laboratories, Inc., Los Angeles, Calif. We are happy to have you, sir, as a witness before this committee. We will have to adjourn about 5 minutes to 11.

Do you have a prepared statement, sir?

Mr. DONOVAN. No, I do not have a prepared statement. I would like to speak from what I have in my head and from what I have on some slides.

The CHAIRMAN. Fine.

STATEMENT OF ALLEN F. DONOVAN, VICE PRESIDENT AND DIRECTOR, ASTROVEHICLES, SPACE TECHNOLOGY LABORATORIES, INC., LOS ANGELES

Mr. DONOVAN. ***

The CHAIRMAN. *** Again let me thank you in behalf of the committee.

Mr. DONOVAN. Thank you very much.

The CHAIRMAN. The committee will stand in recess for 5 minutes. (Whereupon at 11:00 a.m. the committee recessed, after which it proceeded in open session.)

MISSILE DEVELOPMENT AND SPACE SCIENCES

HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES,

COMMITTEE ON SCIENCE AND ASTRONAUTICS,

Washington, D.C., Thursday, February 5, 1959.

The committee met in open session at 11 a.m., in the caucus room, Old House Office Building, Hon. Overton Brooks (chairman) presiding.

The CHAIRMAN. The committee will come to order, This morning we have as the first witness the Secretary of the Army, Hon. Wilber M. Brucker. I am going to suggest to the Secretary, if he will-he has a prepared statement, a copy of which is in the hands of every member of the committee that he proceed with his statement without interruption. Then we might have the statement of Brigadier General Barclay without interruption and after that there may be questions. At any rate, we want to handle this as Secretary Brucker wishes it to be handled.

We are happy to have you, Mr. Secretary, and if you will, proceed with your statement as you wish.

Secretary BRUCKER. Mr. Chairman, members of the committee, I do have a brief statement and would like to read it. I think brevity will be better served.

I appreciate the opportunity to introduce the Army appearances before this committee and would like to make a brief comment on the Army's general interests and roles in the national missile and space programs. But first, Mr. Brooks, may I compliment you for your outstanding assistance and contributions to the military services during your tenure in Congress and especially for the exemplary work you did last year as a member of Mr. McCormack's very fine and worthwhile Select Committee on Space and Astronautics. We are very impressed by the way your committee has started out this year. We wish you the maximum of success and assure you that the Army will assist you and your committee in every way possible.

In preparing itself to perform its missions, the Army must explore any and all means which will increase its capabilities. Such a procedure is not merely desirable; it is mandatory, since science and technology today advance with such bewildering speed. This rapid advance in the state of the art, particularly in the past few years, has drastically and abruptly altered our traditional concepts of warfare. Our Nation and the Army cannot rely on historical precedent but must constantly seek to improve our capabilities through this technological advance. Specifically, earth satellites, ballistic missiles, and other manmade vehicles designed to travel through outer space or the upper limits of the earth's atmosphere provide highly promising

means for the Army to improve its ability to fight and accomplish its assigned missions.

The Army's capability in missiles and space has developed throughout its history. From the rocket used in the early 1800's to today's ballistic missile, the U.S. Army has demonstrated a continuous interest and capability in missile propulsion, guidance, production, and employment.

In 1944 the Army placed a contract-this was a $3 million contract-with the Jet Propulsion Laboratory at Pasadena for general research on guided missiles, with emphasis on rocket propulsion and supersonic aerodynamics. Since that date, 1944, under the auspices of the U.S. Army Ordnance Corps, a highly capable and successful military-civilian missile development team has been assembled. Part of the story of this team, such as the recruiting of German rocket scientists, is dramatic and has been well publicized. Less well known, however, is the continuous search into the unknown of space conducted by the Army in civilian laboratories and in Army arsenals over a 14-year period. This search has ranged from the V-1, the modified German V-2's, the Nike, the Corporal, and the Redstone missiles to the well-known, high performance, operational Jupiter.

Through periods of scant public interest in giant rockets, and modest Army budgets, active ballistic missile programs were maintained. It was this carefully developed missile and space capability which permitted the U.S. Army to reestablish the free world's technological confidence by placing Explorer I in orbit on January 31, 1958. This was accomplished 84 days from the date of the order to go ahead. This remarkable success was no accident; it was no miracle. It was the result of many years of painstaking study, research, development, test, and production involving the participation of many thousands of scientific, military, and industrial personnel. The capability which it reflected was not exclusive to a small group or a particular Army installation. The Army capability in space is associated in the public mind most frequently with the U.S. Army Ordnance Corps and the U.S. Army Ballistic Missile Agency. Without detracting from proper recognition which should be accorded to specific organizations and individuals, the U.S. Army capability is spread throughout the entire Army structure. It is a capability which is a composite of the skills, training, and experience of the Army as a whole and cannot be attributed solely to a single agency.

In accordance with your request, today's presentations are addressed to three fields of vital interest to the Army: Satellite and space vehicles; air and space defense weapons; and ballistic missiles with ranges of 200 statute miles and above.

General Dick, the Director of Special Weapons for Research and Development, will present the subjects of satellites and space defense. General Beach, of the Office of the Deputy Chief of Staff for Military Operations, will discuss air defense and ballistic missiles; and Brigadier General Barclay, the commander of the Army Ballistic Missile Agency, ABMA, will provide information on the established relationships between the Army Ballistic Missile Agency, the Advanced Research Projects Agency, ARPA, and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, NASA; and, in addition, will discuss the Army's emerging role in the national space program.