Citizens. Come down.

2 Cit. Descend. (He comes down from the pulpit.) 3 Cit. You shall have leave.

4 Cit. A ring; stand round.

1 Cit. Stand from the hearse; stand from the body. 2 Cit. Room for Antony, most noble Antony! Ant. Nay, press not so upon me; stand far off. Cit. Stand back! room! bear back!

Ant. If you have tears, prepare to shed them

now.

You all do know this mantle: I remember

The first time ever Cæsar put it on ;

'Twas on a summer's evening, in his tent,
That day he overcame the Nervii :—

Look! in this place ran Cassius' dagger through:
See what a rent the envious Casca made:
Through this, the well-beloved Brutus stabbed ;
And, as he plucked his cursed steel away,
Mark how the blood of Cæsar followed it,
As rushing out of doors, to be resolved
If Brutus so unkindly knocked, or no ;
For Brutus, as you know, was Cæsar's angel :
Judge, O you gods, how dearly Cæsar lov'd him!

This was the most unkindest cut of all;

For when the noble Cæsar saw him stab,
Ingratitude, more strong than traitors' arms,

Quite vanquished him: then burst his mighty heart;
And, in his mantle muffling up his face,

Even at the base of Pompey's statue,

Which all the while ran blood, great Cæsar fell.
O, what a fall was there, my countrymen !
Then I, and you, and all of us fell down,
Whilst bloody treason flourished over us.
O, now you weep; and, I perceive, you feel
The dint of pity; these are gracious drops.
Kind souls, what weep you, when you but behold

Our Cæsar's vesture wounded? Look you here,
Here is himself, marred, as you see, with traitors.
1 Cit. O piteous spectacle !
2 Cit. O noble Cæsar!

3 Cit. O woful day!

4 Cit. O traitors, villains!

1 Cit. O most bloody sight!

2 Cit. We will be revenged : revenge,—about,—seek,—burn, -fire,-kill,-slay !-let not a traitor live. . . .

Ant. Now let it work! Mischief, thou art afoot,

Take thou what course thou wilt!

FOR

body was not thought necessary in the art of healing. The cure of disease was a matter of haphazard. Sometimes indiscriminate drugging and bleeding were used. At other times, recourse was had to charms and incantations. Some silly old man or woman was introduced, a rhyme, compounded of profanity and gibberish, was repeated over the patient, and the disease was supposed to be frightened away.

In the present day the custom is very different. A man who aspires to be a physician must make the body the subject of a long, minute, and experimental study. He must learn all the different organs and all their different functions. He must learn all the different laws of the human frame;

and it is upon his power to aid and control these laws that his success in healing is considered to depend.

The treatment of the weaknesses and diseases of

the mind has been very much the same. Long ago, indiscriminate drugging-mental drugging-was the rule in teaching. Even bleeding was not altogether unknown. Nay, we may even say that charms and incantations were used. The teacher did his work very much like a magician. With rod in hand he stood over his victim, he made several passes and applications of the rod to the victim's body, he uttered several sentences and verses in an unknown tongue, the victim repeated them after him, and ignorance and vice were supposed to be cast out.

In the present day, these practices, too, have been changed. It is considered necessary that an educator should know psychology, or mental philosophy, that he should understand the nature of the different faculties, and that he should be able to make his teaching harmonise with the laws of the mind. All these qualifications, we say, are considered necessary. Whether they are always

found in actual existence is a different matter.

Now, all you who are earnest students are, or will be, educators-educators of yourselves. You cannot be always under the guidance of teachers and lecturers; you must be cast upon your own resources. You cannot be always fed with the spoon; you must be turned adrift to forage for yourselves. And, if you really desire to be rational creatures, you must continue your own education. By far the best part of a man's culture is his selfculture. If you study the lives of great men, you will discover that their greatness arose, not from what had been put into them at school or college, but from what they had acquired by their own mental vigour. Self-education, therefore, is necessary.

But then starts up the first question: How should this self-culture be carried on? The answer is: There is only one sure and thorough way. You must look within: you must know a little of psychology. This is such a self-evident proposition that we are almost ashamed to enunciate it. You cannot develop your mind except by stimulating and directing the natural working of its faculties; and you cannot know the working of these faculties unless you watch them attentively. It is true, you may