by the superintendents of the various state hospitals. No service shall be performed by the state dental surgeon for any officer or employe of any state institution, except in the case of extreme emergency. The state dental surgeon must visit every state hospital at least twice in the year, and shall at all times be under the supervision of the California State Commission in Lunacy. (Pp. 947-948.)

Minor Children.-Every parent of any child under the age of fourteen years, and every person to whom any such child has been confided for nurture or education, who deserts such child in any place whatever with intent wholly to abandon it, is punishable by imprisonment in the state prison or in the county jail not exceeding one year or by fine not exceeding five hundred dollars, or both; and every person who knowingly and wilfully abandons, or who, having ability so to do, fails or refuses to maintain his or her minor child under the age of fourteen years, or who falsely, knowing the same to be false, represents to any manager, officer or agent of any orphan asylum or charitable institution for the care of orphans, that any child for whose admission into such asylum or institution application has been made is an orphan, is punishable by imprisonment in the state prison, or in the county jail, not exceeding one year, or by fine not exceeding five hundred dollars, or both. (P. 297.)

Labor. Minor children under sixteen years of age not to be employed in any mercantile institution, office, laundry, manufacturing establishment, workshop, place of amusement, restaurant, hotel, apartment house, or in the distribution or transmission of merchandise or messages, between the hours of ten o'clock in the evening and six o'clock in the morning of the next day; and no minor under fourteen years shall be employed in any such occupations, except with the permission of the judge of the juvenile court as to any child over twelve years of age, and except that any child over twelve years may be employed in any of such occupations during regular vacations of public schools, but no minor under sixteen years of age shall be employed in any gainful occupation, during the hours that the public schools are in session, unless he can read English at sight, and can write legibly

and correctly simple English sentences, and unless he is then a regular attendant of a regularly conducted night school. (P. 387.)

Juvenile Court.-The juvenile court is established as a branch of the Superior Court, to enforce a law known as the juvenile court law, which shall apply only to children under the age of eighteen years not now or hereafter inmates of a state institution. The law is designed for the protection of a delinquent child or dependent child found begging, or who is a vagrant or wandering about, without home or settled place of abode, or who has no parents or guardian, or who is destitute, or whose home by reason of neglect, cruelty or depravity of his parents, or either of them, or on the part of his guardian, or on the part of the person in whose custody the child may be, is an unfit place for such child, or who frequents the company of reputed criminals, vagrants or prostitutes; or who is found living or being in any house of prostitution or assignation; or who habitually visits, without parent or guardian, any saloon, pool room or place where spirituous, vinous or malt liquors are sold, bartered or given away; or who persistently refuses to obey the reasonable and proper order or directions of his parents or guardian; or who is incorrigible, by reason of the vicious conduct or nature of said minor; whose father is dead or has abandoned his family, or is an habitual drunkard, or whose father does not provide for such minor, and such minor is destitute of a suitable home or of means of obtaining an honest living, or is in danger of being brought up to lead an immoral life, or where both parents of such child are dead, or the mother if living, is unable to provide proper support and care of such minor child; or who is an habitual truant; or who habitually uses intoxicating liquors or habitually smokes cigarettes, or who habitually uses opium, cocaine, morphine or other similar drug, without the direction of a competent physician. A delinquent child is one under the age of eighteen years who violates any law of the state, or any ordinance of any town, city, county or city and county of this state, defining crime. (Pp. 213-227.)

Topographic Surveys for Conservation of Water. The department of engineering is empowered to carry on topographic surveys and investigations into matters pertaining to the water resources of the state, along the lines of hydrography, hydroeconomics, and the use and distribution of water for agricultural purposes. (P. 1079.)

Health, Prevention of Tuberculosis.-It shall be the duty of the state board of health to publish or procure and to distribute free to the people of the State of California printed matter, charts, pictures or models, or to demonstrate to them in any practical way the prevalence of tuberculosis, the danger of infection therefrom and the means of prevention and cure. (P. 368.)

Sanitation of Places Used for Production of Food.-Every building, room, basement or cellar, occupied or used as a bakery, confectionary, cannery, packing-house, slaughter-house, restaurant, hotel, grocery, meat market or other place or apartment, used for the production, preparation for sale, manufacture, packing, storage, sale or distribution of any food, shall be properly lighted, drained, plumbed and ventilated, and conducted with strict regard to the influence of such conditions upon the health of the operatives, employes, clerks or other persons therein employed, and the purity and wholesomeness of the food therein produced, kept, handled or sold; and for the purpose of this act the term "food" shall include all articles used for food, drink, confectionery or condiment, and all substances and ingredients used in the preparation thereof. And the walls and utensils, implements and machinery at no time to be kept in an unclean, unhealthful or unsanitary condition, and all food supplies, machinery, etc., must be protected from flies and other dust, dirt and unsanitary conditions. Screens, toilets, lavatories and cuspidors shall be provided, and no person shall be allowed to reside or sleep in any room of a bake shop, public dining room, hotel or restaurant kitchen, confectionary or other place where food is prepared, produced, manufactured, served or sold. No person suffering with any infectious disease shall be permitted to work in any such place. Health officers have the power to inspect such premises, and if found contrary to the provisions of the act by

the health officer, shall report to the district attorney of the county, whose duty it shall be to prosecute for all infractions of the act. (Pp. 151-154.)

Laundry from Hospitals.-Every person who conducts within the limits of any city and county, or city or town or village, a public laundry, who shall receive any linen or clothing or bedding or other articles for the purpose of cleaning the same, from any hospital or pest house or sanitarium where contagious or infectious diseases are treated, or from any undertaking establishment or public morgue, or pest-house, is guilty of a misdemeanor. (P. 1063.)

Extermination of Rats. It shall be and it is declared the duty of every person, firm, co-partnership, company and corporation owning, leasing, occupying, possessing or having charge of or dominion over any land, place, building, structure, wharf, pier, dock, vessel or water craft, which is infested with rats, mice, gophers or ground squirrels, as soon as the presence of the same shall come to his knowledge, at once to proceed to exterminate such rodents, by poisoning, trapping and other appropriate

means.

The state board of health and inspectors appointed by such board, and local health officers and inspectors appointed for the purpose, shall have authority and shall be permitted, to enter into and upon any and all lands, places, buildings, structures, wharves, piers, docks, vessels and water craft, for the purpose of ascertaining whether the same are infested with such rodents, and whether the requirements of this act are being complied with; provided that no building occupied as a dwelling, hotel or rooming house shall be entered except between the hours of nine o'clock in the forenoon and five o'clock in the afternoon. Supervisors of the county may appropriate monies for the purpose of exterminating such rodents, and whenever any person charged with the duty of exterminating such rodents shall neglect or refuse to do so, it shall be the duty of the state board of health, its inspectors, and the local board of health and health officer, at once to cause such nuisance to be abated by exterminating and destroying such rodents. The expense thereof shall be a charge

against the county, city and county, city or town, wherein the work is done, and the board of supervisors or other governing body shall allow and pay the same, and thereupon the clerk of such board shall file in the office of the county recorder a notice of such payment, claiming a lien on such property on which the nuisance may be abated, and the amount of the claim may be recovered, and the property may be sold in an action brought to foreclose such lien, which action must be within ninety days after the payment shall be made by the board of supervisors or other governing body. The act also provides that any violation of its provisions shall be deemed a misdemeanor and punishable as such.

NOTE: This act is particularly directed against rats along the water fronts, which were supposed to spread the bubonic plague. (Pp. 311-313.)

Tenement House Act. This act regulates the building and occupancy of tenement houses in incorporated towns, incorporated cities and cities and counties, and provides penalties for the violation thereof. It is a long act, and defines tenement houses and apartment houses, yards, courts, shafts, public halls, stairways, basements, cellars, etc., and prescribes the manner in which they shall be constructed, maintained and used. The object of the act is to promote the health, comfort and convenience and independence of the occupants of tenement houses. (Pp. 948-963.)

Misleading Advertisements.-It is made a misdemeanor for any person, firm, corporation or association, or employe thereof, to publish in any newspaper or periodical, published in the state, any false or misleading advertisement. (P. 1078.)

Labor in Mines.-Limited to eight hours out of twenty-four. (P. 274.)

Labor Unions, Protection of Buttons.-The unauthorized wearing of labor union buttons or use of labor union cards is made a misdemeanor. (Pp. 516-668.)

Desecration of Flag.-Advertising upon the flag of the United States or ensign evidently purporting to be such flag, is a misdemeanor, punishable by fine of not more than $200, or im