laws. To protect the general public and preserve public safety, we carefully tread the thin line between oppression and caution.

California now has laws covering automatic weapons, tear gas devices, and concealable firearms. We considered presenting to the legislature this year a bill to cover antitank guns, bazookas, and other weapons termed in S. 1592 as "destructive devices." Pending Federal action, we decided to hold our proposed State laws in abeyance.

Our troubles with machineguns and "destructive devices" in California involve mainly members of private armies in our State. In California, we have self-styled saviors of our Nation. They operate under such names as Minutemen and the Christian Defense League. These groups train and arm themselves in Nazi terms for "Der Tag." They don't quite specify "Der Tag." The Minutemen say that it will occur when they decide that Communists are in control. The Christian Defense League is not that clear. Since the latter group is known to be linked with the Ku Klux Klan, perhaps their day of reckoning is much more racially oriented.

At any rate, members of these groups are well armed and they all hate various segments of our population. As you may know, a number of Congressmen felt threatened last year when a Minuteman publication carried their names and the warning "traitor beware. The crosshairs are even now on the back of your necks." One member of a private army recently opened fire in daylight on a Negro who was simply sitting in a car on Sunset Boulevard in Los Angeles.

We cannot stop people from preaching hate, but we can prevent them from arming their hate.

Let me cite a few instances of private army involvement with the weapons which will be better controlled by this bill:

On June 18, 1964, Willard Noble Holstine and Joseph Raymond Carey were arrested in Burbank, Calif.—a suburb of Los Angelesfor possession of illegal weapons. They had in their possession: a fully automatic .30-caliber M-1 rifle, two Browning automatic pistols, an M-1 semiautomatic rifle, five 30-round clips of .30-caliber ammunition, and two containers of pep pills. When asked about a pistol on the front seat of the auto in which they were stopped, Holstine replied, "You know how it is, officer, a lot of you fellows have been getting hacked up by Negroes lately-only he didn't say Negroes. I have had several of them attempt to push me off the road. I keep the gun for protection." Charges were dropped against Holstine and Carey is now a fugitive from justice.

On June 27, 1964, Harold A. Schlapia, who just described me yesterday, incidentally, as scheming and untruthful-was arrested near Los Angeles for posession of illegal weapons and illegal possession of explosives. His arsenal included 33,000 rounds of ammunition, 3 M-1 rifles, 2 M-1 carbines, 2 Czechoslovakian military rifles, a shotgun, a military 12-gage riot gun, a .45-caliber pistol, gunpowder and dynamite caps.

On October 16, 1964, Robert Romero was arrested for possession of illegal weapons and illegal possession of explosives, including 7 machineguns, dynamite, dynamite caps, fuses, 20 hand grenadessmoke, gas, and explosive types-and 7 booby traps, Army booby traps.

On October 30, 1964, William H. Garland was arrested in Cucamonga, Calif.-near Los Angeles-for possession of illegal weapons. He possessed 6 active machineguns, 2 inoperable machineguns, 100 miscellaneous firearms, many 105-mm. rockets, incendiary bombs, smoke bombs, blasting caps, and thousands of rounds of ammunition.

On November 13, 1964, Arthur Aydelotte was arrested for illegal possession of tear gas. In addition to 11 tear gas grenades, Aydelotte had in his car a .45-caliber automatic pistol, a 6-foot Nazi flag. and a German officer's uniform.

On February 27, 1965, Clyde Reynolds was arrested for illegal possession of three machineguns.

On March 26, 1965, State agents at my direction-along with members of the Los Angeles sheriff's office and some Federal officersseized 370 machineguns illegally manufactured by the Erquiaga Arms Co. I have one of them here.

We seized 370 of these machineguns. This is an original machinegun, it is made from parts of three others. It is partially copied from a sten gun and partially copied from the well-known grease gun. No police officer would want this gun. It is made out of stampings, and I am sure it has no legitimate use.

Now, these were seized in a place called the City of Industry, near Los Angeles. Records of the company indicate that the company was dealing with Harold A. Schlapia and Robert Romero, whom I have just mentioned. It was also dealing with Keith Gilbert, who is currently a fugitive from warrants for attempted murder and grand theft and illegal possession of three-quarters of a ton of dynamite this is illegal possession, Senator, not legal.

It should be noted that about a year ago, Mr. Romero and Mr. Gilbert were partners in a gun shop-the Los Angeles Ordnance Depot. Mr. Schlapia, who identifies himself as a gun dealer, was also allegedly associated with this gunshop.

While machineguns and tear gas are now covered by Federal and State law, I believe S. 1592 is most necessary to halt the traffic which makes these available in the quantities indicated by the arrest incidents that I have described. Moreover, the stricter licensing policies established by the bill would go far to prevent private army leaders from setting themselves up as gun dealers simply to enable them to arm their units more easily.

I am especially interested in that section of this bill which deals with the so-called destructive devices; mortars, bazookas, and antitank guns. On April 24, 1965, in Los Angeles a traveling gun dealer-this is a mobile gun dealer with no fixed place of abode for his businesswas arrested for illegal possession of two automatic rifles. In addition to the machineguns, he possessed a mortar, a 20 mm. cannon, two mockups of machineguns and 750,000 rounds of ammunition. That is three-quarters of a million. This man was a known associate of the aforementioned Harold A. Schlapia and Keith Gilbert.

S. 1592 would strike directly at the traveling salesman dealing in illicit arms and heavy armament.

It would also stop another major source of antitank guns and mortars, namely the sales at these gun shows and exhibitions. Last

summer at the Earl Warren Showgrounds in Santa Barbara, a group of young men were selling 20 mm. antitank guns at a booth at the annual Gun Collector's Show. The guns were $100 and the ammunition was $2.50 a round.

Their opening pitch was and I read directly from a newspaper report:

With McNamara cutting the defense budget, maybe it would be a good idea to have one of these.

They claim to have sold at least two antitank guns to Santa Barbara residents.

A third major source for these weapons is, of course, mail order. Let me quote from this gun catalog-I have several of them here. I am quoting from one of these. These are the descriptions that they give:

Bazooka : Powerful portable antitank weapon.

Achtung: Here is the acme of all German ordnance. The original Bazooka used by German troops to smash American British forces all-over [sic] Europe. I would love to know who wrote this.

JAPANESE NAMBU 8-MILLIMETER AUTOMATIC

Here is the gun that won the Far East and blazed it's [sic] way across [sic] the wide Pacific during WW 2.

9-MILLIMETER STEYR AUTOMATIC PISTOL

The pride of every professional soldier from Vienna to Budapest during WW 1, this big rugged auto was king of service pistols.

BROWNING BELGIQUE AUTO CALIBER .32

One of these guns was carried by Mousalini

I assume they mean Mussolini, but their spelling is a little bit ob

scure

and also by Hindrich [sic] Himmler as well as other WW II notables.

To whom are they appealing in their talking about guns carried by our enemies. They are appealing to someone's pride asking them to buy them for these reasons.

GERMAN G-43 SNIPER AUTOMATIC RIFLE, IN CALIBER 7.92 MILLIMETER

Used by fanatic SS snipers during the battle of the Buldge [sic] in 1944 and now available to collectors and ex-patriots.

U.S. 60-MILLIMETER MORTER [SIC]

Complete with bipod and base plate, etc. An ideal item for your den or front lawn. Can be easily packed into trunk of any automobile. This is the perfect tool for "getting even" with those neighbors you don't like. Perfect for demolishing houses or for backyard plinking on Sunday afternoon. We offer these hardshooting morters [sic] at the popular price of $49.95 each. (The document referred to was marked "Exhibit No. 14" and is as follows:

RUSSIAN Tokarev Semi-Automatic rifle caliber 7.62mm, This is Russias'answer to the M-1 and G-43. Has 10 shot detachable magazine. An accurate arm, Price, $34.95