for the use of said association, in such manner as to them, or a majority of them, shall be deemed most beneficial to said association; and to receive the same, their rents, issues, and profits, income, and interest. and to apply the same for the proper use and benefit of said association for the objects and purposes hereinbefore mentioned" for consistency in the revised title and to eliminate unnecessary words.

Clause (5) is substituted for "and by the same name to sue and be sued, to implead and be impleaded in any court of law or equity in all manner of suits, actions, and proceedings whatsoever" for consistency in the revised title and to eliminate unnecessary words.

Clause (6) is substituted for "and generally by and in the same name to do and transact all and every the business touching or concerning the premises" for clarity and to eliminate unnecessary words.

§ 70705. Management of homestead and erection of monument

After the corporation has acquired any part of the property occupied by the late Frederick Douglass as his homestead, commonly called Cedar Hill, in the village of Anacostia, District of Columbia, the corporation may

(1) manage, repair, and improve the property to carry out the purposes of the corporation; and

(2) erect on the property a monument to the memory of the late Frederick Douglass. (Pub. L. 105-225, Aug. 12, 1998, 112 Stat. 1355.) HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES

Clause (1) is substituted for "and that after the said association shall have acquired title in fee simple to a whole or a part of certain property situate and being in the village of Anacostia, District of Columbia, commonly called Cedar Hill, and occupied by the late Frederick Douglass as his homestead, the said association may manage, repair, improve, and adorn the same in such manner as the said incorporators or their successors, or a majority of them, may deem meet and proper, in pursuance of and in accordance with the objects and purposes for which this said association is incorporated" to eliminate unnecessary words. Clause (2) is substituted for 36:4406 to eliminate unnecessary words.

§70706. Property exempt from taxation

Any property formerly occupied by the late Frederick Douglass as his homestead, commonly called Cedar Hill, in the village of Anacostia, District of Columbia, and owned by the corporation, is exempt from taxation as long as the property is used for the purposes of the corporation.

(Pub. L. 105–225, Aug. 12, 1998, 112 Stat. 1355.) HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES

70901.

70902.

CHAPTER 709-FUTURE FARMERS OF AMERICA

Governing body.

National officers.

Exclusive right to name, seals, emblems, and badges.

Restrictions.

Availability of personnel, services, and facili

ties of Department of Education.

Organization. Purposes.

70904.

70905.

70906.

Powers.

70907.

70908.

70909.

70910.

Headquarters and principal office.

This section is substituted for 36:271 for consistency in the revised title and to eliminate executed and unnecessary words. The text of 36:272 and 290 is omitted as executed and obsolete.

§70902. Purposes

The purposes of the corporation are

(1) to create, foster, and assist subsidiary chapters composed of students and former students of vocational agriculture in public schools qualifying for Federal reimbursement under the Smith-Hughes Vocational Education Act (20 U.S.C. 11-15, 16-28) and associations of those chapters in the States, territories, and possessions of the United States;

(2) to develop character, train for useful citizenship, and foster patriotism, and thereby develop competent and aggressive rural and agricultural leadership;

(3) to create and nurture a love of country life by encouraging members to improve the farm home and its surroundings, to develop organized rural recreational activities, and to create more interest in the intelligent choice of farming occupations;

(4) to encourage the practice of thrift;

(5) to procure for and distribute to State associations, local chapters, and members all official supplies and equipment of the corporation;

(6) to publish an official magazine and other publications for the members of the corporation;

(7) to strengthen the confidence of young men and women in themselves and their work, to encourage members in the development of individual farming programs, and to promote their permanent establishment in farming by

(A) encouraging improvement in scholarship;

(B) providing prizes and awards to deserving students who have achieved distinction in vocational agriculture, including farm mechanics activities on a local, State, or national basis; and

(C) assisting financially, through loans or grants, deserving students in all-day vocational agriculture classes and young farmers under 30 years of age who were former students in all-day vocational agriculture classes in becoming satisfactorily established in a farming occupation;

(8) to cooperate with others, including State boards for vocational education, in accomplishing these purposes; and

(9) to engage in other activities, consistent with these purposes, determined by the governing body to be for the best interests of the corporation.

(Pub. L. 105–225, Aug. 12, 1998, 112 Stat. 1356.) HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES

cause that Act was repealed by section 103 of the Act of October 16, 1968 (Public Law 90-576, 82 Stat. 1091). The words "States, territories, and possessions" are substituted for "several States and Territories" for consistency in the revised title and with other titles of the United States Code.

In clause (7), the words "young men and women" are substituted for "farm boys and young men" to use gender-neutral terminology.

REFERENCES IN TEXT

The Smith-Hughes Vocational Education Act, referred to in par. (1), is act Feb. 23, 1917, ch. 114, 39 Stat. 929, as amended, which was classified to sections 11 to 15 and 16 to 28 of Title 20, Education, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 105-33, title VI, § 6201, Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 653. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 11 of Title 20 and Tables.

(a) BOARD OF DIRECTORS.-(1) The board of directors is the governing body of the corporation. The board shall exercise the powers granted to the corporation.

(2) The board consists of the Secretary of Education, four staff members in the Department of Education, and four State supervisors of agriculture education. The Secretary is chairman of the board.

(3) The term of office of the directors and the method of selecting the directors (except ex officio directors) are as provided in the bylaws.

(4) The board shall meet at least annually at the time and place provided in the bylaws. The annual report of the board shall be presented at that meeting. Special meetings of the board may be called at any time by the chairman.

(b) GOVERNING COMMITTEE.-The board may designate the chairman of the board and two members of the chairman's staff as a governing committee. When the board is not in session, the governing committee has the powers of the board subject to the board's direction and may authorize the seal of the corporation to be affixed to all papers that require it.

(Pub. L. 105-225, Aug. 12, 1998, 112 Stat. 1357.)

HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES

In subsection (a), the text of 36:278(e) is omitted as obsolete. In paragraph (2), the words "Secretary of Education" and "Department of Education" are substituted for "Chief of the Agricultural Education Service, Office of Education, Federal Security Agency" and "Agricultural Education Service, Office of Education, Federal Security Agency", respectively, in section 8(a) of the Act of August 30, 1950 (ch. 823, 64 Stat. 565), because of sections 5 and 8 of Reorganization Plan No. 1 of 1953 (5 App. U.S.C.) and 20:3441 and 3507.

§70905. National officers

(a) COMPOSITION.-The national officers of the corporation are a student president, four student vice presidents (one from each of four regions of the United States established in the bylaws for purposes of administration of the corporation), a student secretary, an executive secretary, a treasurer, and a national advisor.

(b) BOARD OF STUDENT OFFICERS.-The national student officers of the corporation comprise a board of student officers. The board of student officers shall advise and make recommendations to the board of directors about the activities and business of the corporation.

(c) ELECTION.-The national officers of the corporation shall be elected annually by a majority vote of the delegates assembled in the annual national convention from among qualified members of the corporation, except that

(1) the national advisor shall be the Secretary of Education;

(2) the executive secretary shall be a member of the Department of Education; and

(3) the treasurer shall be an employee or member of a State agency that directs or supervises a State program of agricultural education under the provisions of the SmithHughes Vocational Education Act (20 U.S.C. 11-15, 16-28).

(d) VOTE AT NATIONAL CONVENTION.-Each qualified delegate has one vote at the annual national convention.

(Pub. L. 105-225, Aug. 12, 1998, 112 Stat. 1357.) HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES

In subsection (c), the words "Secretary of Education" and "Department of Education" are substituted for "Chief of the Agricultural Education Service, Office of Education, Federal Security Agency" and "that service", respectively, in section 7(c) of the Act of August 30, 1950 (ch. 823, 64 Stat. 565), because of sections 5 and 8 of Reorganization Plan No. 1 of 1953 (5 App. U.S.C.) and 20:3441 and 3507. In clause (3), the reference to the Vocational Education Act of 1946 (ch. 541, 49 Stat. 1488) is omitted because that Act was repealed by section 103 of the Act of October 16, 1968 (Public Law 90-576, 82 Stat. 1091).

REFERENCES IN TEXT

The Smith-Hughes Vocational Education Act, referred to in subsec. (c)(3), is act Feb. 23, 1917, ch. 114, 39 Stat. 929, as amended, which was classified to sections 11 to 15 and 16 to 28 of Title 20, Education, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 105-33, title VI, §6201, Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 653. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 11 of Title 20 and Tables.

§70906. Powers

The corporation may—

(1) adopt and amend bylaws and regulations for the management of its property and the regulation of its affairs, including the establishment and maintenance of local chapters and State associations of chapters;

(2) adopt and alter a corporate seal; (3) adopt emblems and badges;

(4) choose officers, managers, agents, and employees as the activities of the corporation require;

(5) make contracts;

(6) acquire, own, lease, encumber, and transfer property as necessary or convenient to carry out the purposes of the corporation;

(7) borrow money, issue instruments of indebtedness, and secure its obligations by granting security interests in its property;

(8) use corporate funds to give prizes, awards, loans, and grants to deserving students and young farmers to carry out the purposes of the corporation;

(9) publish a magazine and other publications;

(10) procure for and distribute to State associations, local chapters, and members all official Future Farmers of America supplies and equipment;

(11) sue and be sued; and

In this section, the text of 36:289 is omitted as executed and obsolete.

In clause (1), the word "amend" is substituted for "alter" for consistency in the revised title. The words "not inconsistent with the laws of the United States or any State in which such corporation is to operate" are omitted as unnecessary.

In clause (2), the word "use" is omitted as unnecessary.

In clause (5), the words "make contracts" are substituted for "contract and be contracted with" to eliminate unnecessary words.

Clause (6) is substituted for "to take and hold by lease, gift, purchase, grant, devise, or bequest any property, real or personal, necessary for attaining the objects and accomplishing the purposes of the corporation" and "to transfer and convey real or personal property" for consistency in the revised title and to eliminate unnecessary words. The words "subject to applicable provisions of law of any State (A) governing the amount or kind of real and personal property which may be held by, or (B) otherwise limiting or controlling

the ownership of real and personal property by, a corporation operating in such State" are omitted as unnecessary.

In clause (7), the words "for the purposes of the corporation" are omitted as unnecessary. The words "issue instruments of indebtedness, and secure its obligations by granting security interests in its property" are substituted for "issue bonds therefor, and secure the same by mortgage" for consistency in the revised title. The words "subject to all applicable provisions of Federal or State law" are omitted as unnecessary.

In clause (8), the words "to carry out the purposes of the corporation" are substituted for "for the purposes set forth in section 273 of this title" for consistency in the revised title.

In clause (11), the words "complain, and defend in any court of competent jurisdiction" are omitted as unnecessary.

In clause (12), the words "any other act" are substituted for "any and all acts and things" for consistency in the revised title and to eliminate unnecessary words. The word "objects" is omitted as included in "purposes".

§ 70907. Exclusive right to name, seals, emblems, and badges

The corporation and its authorized chapters and associations of chapters have the exclusive right to use the name "Future Farmers of America" and the initials FFA as representing an agricultural membership organization and seals, emblems, and badges the corporation adopts. (Pub. L. 105–225, Aug. 12, 1998, 112 Stat. 1358.) HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES

§70909. Availability of personnel, services, and facilities of Department of Education

On request of the board of directors of the corporation, the Secretary of Education may make personnel, services, and facilities of the Department of Education available to administer or assist in the administration of the activities of the corporation. Personnel of the Department may not receive compensation from the corporation for their services, except that travel and other legitimate expenses as defined by the Secretary and approved by the board may be paid. The Secretary also may cooperate with the State boards for vocational education to assist in the promotion of the activities of the corporation. (Pub. L. 105-225, Aug. 12, 1998, 112 Stat. 1358.) HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES

(a) STOCK AND DIVIDENDS.-The corporation may not issue stock or declare or pay a dividend.

(b) POLITICAL ACTIVITIES.-The corporation or a director, officer, or member as such may not contribute to, support, or assist a political party or candidate for elective public office.

(c) DISTRIBUTION OF INCOME OR ASSETS.-The income or assets of the corporation may not inure to the benefit of, or be distributed to, a director, officer, or member, except on dissolution or final liquidation of the corporation.

(d) LOANS.-The corporation may not make a loan to a director, officer, or employee. Directors who vote for or assent to making a loan to a director, officer, or employee, and officers who participate in making the loan, are jointly and severally liable to the corporation for the amount of the loan until it is repaid.

(e) PRIZES, AWARDS, GRANTS, OR LOANS TO STUDENT OFFICERS AND MEMBERS MEETING CRITERIA. This section does not preclude prizes, awards, grants, or loans to student officers and members meeting the criteria established by the board of directors for selecting recipients of those benefits.

(Pub. L. 105–225, Aug. 12, 1998, 112 Stat. 1358.)

Source (Statutes at Large) Aug. 30, 1950, ch. 823, §18, 64 Stat. 567.

The words "Secretary of Education" and "Secretary" are substituted for "United States Commissioner of Education", "Commissioner of Education", and "Commissioner", and the words "Department of Education" are substituted for "Office of Education", in section 18 of the Act of August 30, 1950 (ch. 823, 64 Stat. 567), because of 20:3441 and 3507. The words "with the approval of the Federal Security Administrator" and "with the approval of the Administrator" are omitted because the functions of the Federal Security Administrator were transferred to the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare by section 5 of Reorganization Plan No. 1 of 1953 (5 App. U.S.C.), and were subsequently transferred to the Secretary of Education by 20:3441. See also 20:3507. Substitution of a reference to the "Secretary of Education" would result in a requirement of the Secretary's own approval. The word "activities" (the first time it appears) is substituted for "business and activities" for consistency in the revised title.

§ 70910. Headquarters and principal office

The headquarters and principal office of the corporation shall be in the District of Columbia. However, the activities of the corporation are not confined to the District of Columbia but may be conducted throughout the States, territories, and possessions of the United States. (Pub. L. 105-225, Aug. 12, 1998, 112 Stat. 1359.)

The word "office" is substituted for "offices" for consistency in the revised title. The word "various" is omitted as unnecessary.

§70911. Records and inspection

(a) RECORDS.-The corporation shall keep

(1) correct and complete records of account; (2) minutes of the proceedings of its members, board of directors, and committees having any of the authority of its board of directors; and

(3) a record of the names and addresses of its members entitled to vote.

(b) INSPECTION.-A member, or an agent or attorney of the member, may inspect the records of the corporation at any reasonable time. (Pub. L. 105-225, Aug. 12, 1998, 112 Stat. 1359.) HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES

In subsection (b), the word "precedent” is omitted as unnecessary. The words "with the secretary of state or other designated official" are substituted for "in the Office of the Secretary of State, or similar officer" for consistency in the revised title. The words "post office" and "authorized" are omitted as unnecessary. 8.70913. Liability for acts of officers and agents

The corporation is liable for the acts of its officers and agents acting within the scope of their authority.

(Pub. L. 105-225, Aug. 12, 1998, 112 Stat. 1359.) HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES

The word "records" is substituted for "books and records" for consistency in the revised title and with other titles of the United States Code.

§ 70912. Service of process

(a) DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.-The corporation shall have a designated agent in the District of Columbia to receive service of process for the corporation. Designation of the agent shall be filed in the office of the clerk of the United States District Court for the District of Columbia. Notice to or service on the agent, or mailed to the business address of the agent, is notice to or service on the corporation.

(b) STATES, TERRITORIES, AND POSSESSIONS.— As a condition to the exercise of any power or privilege granted by this chapter, the Corporation shall file, with the Secretary of State or other designated official of each State, territory, or possession of the United States in which a subordinate association or chapter is organized, the name and address of an agent in that State, territory, or possession on whom legal process or demands against the corporation may be served.

(Pub. L. 105-225, Aug. 12, 1998, 112 Stat. 1359.) HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES

(a) FEDERAL CHARTER.-General Federation of Women's Clubs (in this chapter, the "corporation") is a body corporate and politic of the District of Columbia.

(b) PERPETUAL EXISTENCE.-Except as otherwise provided, the corporation has perpetual existence.

(Pub. L. 105-225, Aug. 12, 1998, 112 Stat. 1360.) HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES