Mr. FLOOD. That has particular significance to me. As you know I sit on the Subcommittee of the Appropriations Committee for the Defense Department, I have since the subcommittee was created. And sitting along side of me for the same number of years, until he became Secretary of Defense, was the gentleman from the great State of Wisconsin, Mel Laird.

Mr. CARDWELL. I will be interested to see how he describes it this

Year.

Mr. FLOOD. I might add Jerry Ford, the distinguished gentleman from Michigan and the minority leader of the House, also sat with Mr. Laird and me on Defense.

Mr. CARDWELL. HEW's share of the total budget will have gone from 30.4 percent in 1972 to 32.1 percent in 1973. Defense will have gone from 32.4 percent in 1972 to 31.6 percent in 1973. So they are beginning to pass each other as ships in the night.

Mr. FLOOD. I never thought I would live that long.

BUDGET BY OPERATING AGENCIES

Mr. CARDWELL. We might next take a quick look at the HEW budget by operating agency and from here on out until we get to the Social Security Administration I think it is best to talk in terms of budget authority.

Mr. FLOOD. What do you mean by budget authority? It would be the amount approved by the Congress?

Mr. CARDWELL. Budget authority is really the term that describes the action taken by the Congress to give the executive branch authority to incur obligations. Essentially it is appropriations but there are other forms. Largely for HEW it represents appropriations except in the case of Social Security Administration where budget authority is a function of the revenues collected from taxes by SSA. Mr. FLOOD. A good definition.

FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION

Mr. CARDWELL. The Food and Drug Administration will as you see go up considerably in 1973. This is the largest increase in the history of the Food and Drug Administration. While it is now heard by Chairman Whitten's Subcommittee on Agriculture-Environmental and Consumer Protection, we have included it in the presentation to give you some background, part of our perspective.

Looking at the three health agencies together, the 1972 budget is $4.579 million, the 1973 budget is $4,591 million, a net increase of $12 million. But as you will see as we go through the health budget, that is made up of a lot of very large increases and some fairly large decreases. So there is a lot of activity in the health portion of the budget even though it doesn't show up in the small net difference. Education goes up $276 million to $6,144 million. I think the thing to point out though is the 1973 total of $86.8 billion for HEW as a whole, and the $76.5 billion

Mr. FLOOD. What did you say?

TWO-YEAR GROWTH IN HEW BUDGET

Mr. CARDWELL. For HEW in its entirety for 1973 it is $86.8 billion. In 1972 it is $76.5 billion but just two budgets ago in 1971, which doesn't show on the chart, it was $66 billion. So that the growth is $2.6 billion over the 1971 budget which I think is remarkable. Mr. FLOOD. That is a careful understatement.

*Includes $39 million to carry out proposed legislation.

Mr. CARDWELL. We might take a quick look at the Food and Drug
Administration to give you some feeling for where the changes are
occurring. As we point out, it is not an item that will be dealt with by
the subcommittee so you may want to pass on quickly.

Let's move to the Health Services and Mental Health Administra-

tion.