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INTERFERENCE BETWEEN GOVERNMENT AND COMMERCIAL STATIONS

SEC. 323. [47 U.S.C. 323] (a) At all places where Government and private or commercial radio stations on land operate in such close proximity that interference with the work of Government stations cannot be avoided when they are operating simultaneously, such private or commercial stations as do interfere with the transmission or reception of radio communications or signals by the Government stations concerned shall not use their transmitters during the first fifteen minutes of each hour, local standard time. (b) The Government stations for which the above-mentioned division of time is established shall transmit radio communications or signals only during the first fifteen minutes of each hour, local standard time, except in case of signals or radio communications relating to vessels in distress and vessel requests for information as to course, location, or compass direction.

USE OF MINIMUM POWER

SEC. 324. [47 U.S.C. 324] In all circumstances, except in case of radio communications or signals relating to vessels in distress, all radio stations, including those owned and operated by the United States, shall use the minimum amount of power necessary to carry out the communication desired.

FALSE DISTRESS SIGNALS; REBROADCASTING; STUDIOS OF FOREIGN

STATIONS

SEC. 325. [47 U.S.C. 325] (a) No person within the jursidiction of the United States shall knowingly utter or transmit, or cause to be uttered or transmitted, any false or fraudulent signals of distress, or communication relating thereto, nor shall any broadcasting station rebroadcast the program or any part thereof of another broadcasting station without the express authority of the originating station.

(b) No person shall be permitted to locate, use, or maintain a radio broadcast studio or other place or apparatus from which or whereby sound waves are converted into electrical energy, or mechanical or physical reproduction of sound waves produced, and caused to be transmitted or delivered to a radio station in a foreign country for the purpose of being broadcast from any radio station there having a power output of sufficient intensity and/or being so located geographically that its emissions may be received consistently in the United States, without first obtaining a permit from the Commission upon proper application therefor.

(c) Such application shall contain such information as the Commission may by regulation prescribe, and the granting or refusal thereof shall be subject to the requirements of section 309 hereof with respect to applications for station licenses or renewal or modification thereof, and the license or permission so granted shall be revocable for false statements in the application so required or when the Commission, after hearings, shall find its continuation no longer in the public interest.

CENSORSHIP; INDECENT LANGUAGE

SEC. 326. [47 U.S.C. 326] Nothing in this Act shall be understood or construed to give the Commission the power of censorship over the radio communications or signals transmitted by any radio station, and no regulation or condition shall be promulgated or fixed by the Commission which shall interfere with the right of free speech by means of radio communication. 124

USE OF NAVAL STATIONS FOR COMMERCIAL MESSAGES

SEC. 327. [47 U.S.C. 327] The Secretary of the Navy is hereby authorized, unless restrained by international agreement, under the terms and conditions and at rates prescribed by him, which rates shall be just and reasonable, and which, upon complaint, shall be subject to review and revision by the Commission, to use all radio stations and apparatus, wherever located, owned by the United States and under the control of the Navy Department, (a) for the reception and transmission of press messages offered by any newspaper published in the United States, its Territories or possessions, or published by citizens of the United States in foreign countries, or by any press association of the United States, and (b) for the reception and transmission of private commercial messages between ships, between ship and shore, between localities in Alaska and between Alaska and the continental United States: Provided, That the rates fixed for the reception and transmission of all such messages, other than press messages between the Pacific coast of the United States, Hawaii, Alaska, Guam, American Samoa,125 and the Orient, and between the United States and the Virgin Islands, shall not be less than the rates charged by privately owned and operated stations for like messages and service: Provided further, That the right to use such stations for any of the purposes named in this section shall terminate and cease as between any countries or localities or between any locality and privately operated ships whenever privately owned and operated stations are capable of meeting the normal communication requirements between such countries or localities or between any locality and privately operated ships, and the Commission shall have notified the Secretary of the Navy thereof.

SPECIAL PROVISION AS TO CANAL ZONE

SEC. 328.125 [47 U.S.C. 328] This title shall not apply to the Canal Zone. In international radio matters the Canal Zone shall be represented by the Secretary of State. 126

124 The last sentence of section 326 was repealed and recodified as § 1464 of the Criminal Code 18 U.S.C. 1464 by "An Act to revise, codify and enact into positive law title 18 of the United States Code, entitled 'Crimes and Criminal Procedure'," Public Law 772, 80th Cong., 2d Sess., approved June 25, 1948, effective September 1, 1948. The last sentence of section 326 was as follows:

"No person within the jurisdiction of the United States shall utter any obscene, indecent, or profane language, by means of radio communication.

"

Section 1464, Public Law 772, 80th Cong., 2d Sess., reads as follows:

$1464. Broadcasting Obscene Language. Whoever utters any obscene, indecent, or profane language by means of radio communication shall be fined not more than $10,000 or imprisoned not more than two years, or both.

125 See note 3.

126 See note 3.

ADMINISTRATION OF RADIO LAWS IN TERRITORIES AND POSSESSIONS

SEC. 329.127 [47 U.S.C. 329] The Commission is authorized to designate any officer or employee of any other department of the Government on duty in any Territory or possession of the United States to render therein such service in connection with the administration of this Act as the Commission may prescribe and also to designate any officer or employee of any other department of the Government to render such services at any place within the United States in connection with the administration of title III of this Act as may be necessary: Provided, That such designation shall be approved by the head of the department in which such person is employed.

PROHIBITION AGAINST SHIPMENT OF CERTAIN TELEVISION RECEIVERS

SEC. 330.128 [47 U.S.C. 330] (a) No person shall ship in interstate commerce, or import from any foreign country into the United States, for sale or resale to the public, apparatus described in paragraph (s) of section 303 unless it complies with rules prescribed by the Commission pursuant to the authority granted by that paragraph: Provided, That this section shall not apply to carriers transporting such apparatus without trading in it. (b) For the purposes of this section and section 303(s)—

(1) The term "interstate commerce" means (A) commerce between any State, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, or any possession of the United States and any place outside thereof which is within the United States, (B) commerce between points in the same State, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, or possession of the United States but through any place outside thereof, or (C) commerce wholly within the District of Columbia or any possession of the United States.

(2) The term "United States" means the several States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, and the possessions of the United States, but does not include the Canal Zone.

VERY HIGH FREQUENCY STATIONS

SEC. 331.129 [47 U.S.C. 331] It shall be the policy of the Federal Communications Commission to allocate channels for very high frequency commercial television broadcasting in a manner which ensures that not less than one such channel shall be allocated to each State, if technically feasible. In any case in which licensee of a very high frequency commercial television broadcast station notifies the Commission to the effect that such licensee will agree to the reallo

127 See note 122. Section 329 formerly read as follows:

SEC. 329. The Commission is authorized to designate any officer or employee of any other department of the Government on duty in any Territory or possession of the United States other than the Philippine Islands and the Canal Zone, to render therein such services in connection with the administration of the radio laws of the United States as the Commission may prescribe: Provided, That such designation shall be approved by the head of the department in which such person is employed.

128 This section was added by Public Law 87-529, approved July 10, 1962, 76 Stat. 151. 129 This section was added by Public Law 97-248, 96 Stat. 324, 641, Sept. 3, 1982. A second section 331 was added by Public Law 97-259, 96 Stat. 1087, 1096, Sept. 13, 1982.

cation of its channel to a community within a State in which there is allocated no very high frequency commercial television broadcast channel at the time such notification, the Commission shall, not withstanding any other provision of law, order such reallocation and issue a license to such licensee for that purpose pursuant to such notification for a term of not to exceed 5 years as provided in section 307(d) of the Communications Act of 1934.

PRIVATE LAND MOBILE SERVICES

SEC. 331.130 [47 U.S.C. 332] (a) In taking actions to manage the spectrum to be made available for use by the private land mobile services, the Commission shall consider, consistent with section 1 of this Act, whether such actions will

(1) promote the safety of life and property;

(2) improve the efficiency of spectrum use and reduce the regulatory burden upon spectrum users, based upon sound engineering principles, user operational requirements, and marketplace demands;

(3) encourage competition and provide services to the largest feasible number of users; or

130 So in original. This section was added by Public Law 97-259, 96 Stat. 1087, 1096, Sept. 13, 1982. Previously, another section 331 had been added by Public Law 97-248, 96 Stat. 324, 641, Sept. 3, 1982.

Also, a former section 331 was added by Public Law 93-107, 87 Stat. 350, Sept. 14, 1973. The statute also set a date (Dec. 31, 1975) when the provision was to be repealed. The former section 331 read as follows:

BROADCAST OF GAMES OF PROFESSIONAL SPORTS CLUBS

SEC. 331. (a) If any game of a professional sports club is to be broadcast by means of television pursuant to a league television contract and all tickets of admission for seats of such game which were available for purchase by the general public one hundred and twenty hours or more before the scheduled beginning time of such game have been purchased seventy-two hours or more before such time, no agreement which would prevent the broadcasting by means of television of such game at the same time and in the area in which such game is being played shall be valid or have any force or effect. The right to broadcast such game by means of television at such time and in such area shall be made available, by the person or persons having such right, to a television broadcast licensee on reasonable terms and conditions unless the broadcasting by means of television of such game at such time and in such area would be a telecasting which section 3 of Public Law 87-331, as amended (15 U.S.C. 1293), is intended to prevent.

(b) If any person violates subsection (a) of this section, any interested person may commence a civil action for injunctive relief restraining such violation in any United States district court for a district in which the defendant resides or has an agent. In any such action, the court may award the cost of the suit including reasonable attorneys' fees.

(c) For the purpose of this section:

(1) The term "professional sports club" includes any professional football, baseball, basketball, or hockey club.

(2) The term "league television contract" means any joint agreement by or among professional sports clubs by which any league of such clubs sells or otherwise transfers all or any part of the rights of such league's member clubs in the sponsored telecasting of the games engaged in or conducted by such clubs.

(3) The term "agreement" includes any contract, arrangement, or other understanding. (4) The term "available for purchase by the general public", when used with respect to tickets of admission for seats at a game or games to be played by a professional sports club, means only those tickets on sale at the stadium where such game or games are to be played, or, if such tickets are not sold at such stadium, only those tickets on sale at the box office closest to such stadium.

(d) The Commission shall conduct a continuing study of the effect of this section and shall, not later than April 15 of each year, submit a report to the Committee on Commerce of the Senate and the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce of the House of Representatives with respect thereto. Such report shall include pertinent statistics and data and any recommendations for legislation relating to the broadcasting of professional football, baseball, basketball, and hockey games which the Commission determines would serve the public interest.

Public Law 93-107 also stated: "Section 331 of the Communications Act of 1934 (as added by the first section of this Act) is repealed effective December 31, 1975."

(4) increase interservice sharing opportunities between private land mobile services and other services.

(b)(1) The Commission, in coordinating the assignment of frequencies to stations in the private land mobile services and in the fixed services (as defined by the Commission by rule), shall have authority to utilize assistance furnished by advisory coordinating committees consisting of individuals who are not officers or employees of the Federal Government.

(2) The authority of the Commission established in this subsection shall not be subject to or affected by the provisions of part III of title 5, United States Code, or section 3679(b) of the Revised Statutes (31 U.S.C. 665(b)).

(3) Any person who provides assistance to the Commission under this subsection shall not be considered, by reason of having provided such assistance, a Federal employee.

(4) Any advisory coordinating committee which furnishes assistance to the Commission under this subsection shall not be subject to the provisions of the Federal Advisory Committee Act.

(cX1) For purposes of this section, private land mobile service shall include service provided by specialized mobile radio, multiple licensed radio dispatch systems, and all other radio dispatch systems, regardless of whether such service is provided indiscriminately to eligible users on a commercial basis, except that a land station licensed in such service to multiple licensees or otherwise shared by authorized users (other than a nonprofit, cooperative station) shall not be interconnected with a telephone exchange or interexchange service or facility for any purpose, except to the extent that (A) each user obtains such interconnection directly from a duly authorized carrier; or (B) licensees jointly obtain such interconnection directly from a duly authorized carrier.

(2) A person engaged in private land mobile service shall not, insofar as such person is so engaged, be deemed a common carrier for any purpose under this Act. A common carrier shall not provide any dispatch service on any frequency allocated for common carrier service, except to the extent such dispatch service is provided on stations licensed in the domestic public land mobile radio service before January 1, 1982.

(3) No State or local government shall have any authority to impose any rate or entry regulation upon any private land mobile service, except that nothing in this subsection may be construed to impair such jurisdiction with respect to common carrier stations in the mobile service.

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