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years 1907-1911, had only fourteen in 1917. Manhattan and the Bronx, which used to have a rate of twenty suicides in 100,000, lowered it last year to 14.3. Brooklyn was even better, while Washington, "a home of ambition, is a far sadder city with 23.8."

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WAR-TAXES AFTER PEACE IS SIGNED

That heavy expenses will continue for a long time and that taxes will be reduced only gradually, are the points of an article recently printed in The Financial World. The writer says "a great many people who didn't think very deeply on the subject were asking during the Fourth Liberty Loan campaign what was the need of subscribing to Liberty bonds when the war was so near over," and then declares that "if the war were to end to-morrow, it would not lessen the burdens on the Government." A fifth and possibly a sixth Liberty Loan will have to be sold, "irrespective of whether the war ends now or not." This means that the Government will have to continue its present scheme of taxation and bond issues for some time, "tho the total of the bond issues and the taxation will gradually lessen." With the more than $6,800,000,000 Liberty bonds just sold, the total of Liberty issues is now close to $16,000,000,000. Annual interest charge and sinking-fund requirements will total somewhere in the neighborhood of $650,000,000, and it "will take at least a year and a half to demobilize the Army and Navy and place them once again on a peace basis." We must therefore count our yearly expenditures in billions instead of hundreds of millions. That being so, 1919 "is not likely to bring about any modification of the 1918 revenue act now being framed." Two more Liberty Loans and a continuation of the taxation based on the 1918 act "seem assured at least," according to this writer. Indeed, it "may not be until the winter session of Congress of 1919 that modification of wartaxes can be considered." He goes back to previous wars to find proof of this line of reasoning:

"Two months after the surrender of General Lee in 1865, the War Department's expenditures had reached $1,030,600,000, and twelve months later the War Department had succeeded in reducing the Army expenses to $283,154,000, but the revenue from taxes, which had been $327,283,000 in the year 1865, was $557,317,000 in the fiscal year 1866. The War Department cut its expenses in the year after the Spanish War from $229,841,000 to $134,774,000, but the revenue from taxation increased from $405,321,000 to $515,960,000. In other words, Congress allowed the war-taxes to go on for a time after peace so as to cut down quickly a considerable share of the war's cost and then, too, Government loans being abandoned, reliance on taxation alone for revenue precluded any sudden reduction in taxes. After each war the United States has been in, it has been the policy of Congress to reduce or abolish the most onerous tax burdens, but income taxation and much of the internal-revenue taxation will continue for some years and remind us that the cost of war does not instantly cease the moment peace is declared."

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PATENTS AND ATTORNEYS

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THE LEXICOGRAPHER'S

EASY CHAIR

In this column, to decide questions concerning the current use of words, the Funk & Wagnalls New Standard Dictionary is consulted as arbiter.

Readers will please bear in mind that no notice will be taken of anonymous communications.

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"J. K.," Williamsburg, N. Y.-The word coterist to which you refer is a nonce word coined by a writer possib.y ignorant of the fact that it was unnecessary, inasmuch as the correct word is cotirean which was in use before War of the Revolution

"B. I. G.," Sea Cliff, N. Y.-"Can you tell me the author of the following quotation-Get thy spindle and distaff ready and God will send the flax'?'

The quotation is a paraphrase of verses 12 and 19 of Chapter xxxi of the Book of Proverbs

"B. F. B.," Augusta, Ga.-"In the Established Church of England, the Archbishop of Canter, bury is called Primate of all England and the Archbishop of York Primate of England. In what respect does the jurisdiction or authority of the Archbishop of York differ, from that of the Archbishop of Canterbury?"

For Church purposes, England is divided inte two sections, northern England and southern England. The authority of the Archbishop

York is exercised over the northern section, that of the Archbishop of Canterbury over southern section, but in addition to his functions as Primate over the south of England, the Arch bishop of Canterbury exercises certain authority also over the northern section.

"G. K. G.," Chattanooga, Tenn.-"In speak ing of the breakfast food grits, does good usage regard the word as singular or plural?"

The term grits is correctly used when the intention is to describe "grain much like coarse corn-meal mush." There is also groats, which used to designate hulled or crushed oats wheat or fragments of wheat larger than grits Both words should be used with a verb in the plural, notwithstanding the cant of the grain trade in which they are used with a verb in the singular.

"I. M., Jr.," Stockton, Cal.-"In editing copy. I often find the expressions two weeks vacation, a month's stay, etc. It is not pra ticable to rewrite the copy into 'A stay of two weeks,' etc. What is the best form: "A two weeks vacation,' A two weeks' vacation, or two-week vacation"?"

The correct forms are: "Two weeks' vacation and "A month's stay." etc.

"M. F. H.," Jersey City, N. J.-"Which correct, Under the circumstances,' or 'In the circumstances'?'

Mere situation is expressed by "in the circum stances'; action affected is performed "under the circumstances."

TO SEVERAL READERS:-The words attributed
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"What hath God wrought!"

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