Old Rails for Ties.

44-66

25

25

26

67-74

26

27

76-78

Is the Influenza a Chinese Plague ?.
Nature's Primal War.

TERMS: $4.00 a year, in advance; six months, $2.25; three months,

$1.50; single copy, 10 cents; postage to Canada, 85 cents a year; other foreign postage, $2.00 a year. BACK NUMBERS, not over three months old, 25 cents each; over three months old, $1.00 each. QUARTERLY INDEXES will be sent free to subscribers who apply for them. RECEIPT of payment is shown in about two weeks by date on address label; date of expiration includes the month named on the label. CAUTION: If date is not properly extended after each payment, notify publishers promptly. Instructions for RENEWAL, DISCONTINUANCE, or CHANGE OF ADDRESS should be sent two weeks before the date they are to go into effect. Both old and

YMCA

C

THE RED TRIANGLE

ASSOCIATION PRESS announces the following new "Books with Purpose"

1.50

Christian Ethics in the World War, W. D. Mackenzie. $1.00
The Democratic Movement in Asia, Tyler Dennett.
The Romance of the Red Triangle, Sir Arthur Yapp.
The Law of Social Justice, Hugh E. Willis...
Finding the Comrade God, G. Walter Fiske..
International Aspects of Christianity, Ozora S. Davis.

In selecting your Christmas gifts remember "Books with
Purpose," particularly the EVERYDAY LIFE SERIES, which
are made so personal by the daily use feature. At your
booksellers or catalogue on request.

ASSOCIATION PRESS, 347 Madison Ave., New York

1.00

1.00

.75 1.00

BOOKS WITH

PURPOSE

"The Gist of New Thought," by Paul Ellsworth, is a practical working manual of New Thought in eight chapters. It explains: How to Awaken Latent Powers; The Supreme Truth on which Joyous, Successful Living is Founded; How to Re move the Fundamental Cause of Inharmony; How to be Successful in Your Work; How to Enter the Silence; The Cumulative Results of Using New Thought; How to Use Affirmations to Heal Yourself; The New Thought Way to the Realization, of Desires; How to Connect with your Spiritual Supply. For 10 Cents we will send you this booklet and a month's trial of Nautilus, leading New Thought magazine. Elizabeth Towne and William E. Towne, editors. Dr. Orison Swett Marden and Edwin Markham are among its contributors. Send now and we will include "What I Know About New Thought," by Ella Wheeler Wilcox. THE ELIZABETH TOWNE CO., Dept. F-8, Holyoke, Massachusetts

&Music Lessons

UNDER MASTER TEACHERS

At Home

A Complete Conservatory Course By Mail Wonderful home study music lessons under

great American and European teachers. Endorsed by Paderewski. Master teachers guide and coach you. Lessons a marvel of simplicity and completeness.

Any Instrument or Voice Write telling

us course you are interested in-Piano, Harmony, Voice, Public School Music, Violin, Cornet, Mandolin, Guitar, Banjo, or Reed Organ-and we will send our FREE CATALOG covering all instrumental and vocal courses. Send NOW. UNIVERSITY EXTENSION CONSERVATORY 5121 Siegel-Myers Bldg. Chicago, Illinois

$35 to $100 a Week

There is a big, new, field-a growing de mand for men and women skilled in

Business Letter-Writing.

Large salaries are offered Letter Critics, Collection Correspondents, Mail Sales Directors, Gen eral House Correspondents, etc. LaSalle's new extension training by the case" system will make you a high-grade correspondence critic, a master letter writer, capable of managing the entire correspondence department of a big organization. Train in your spare time at home. Low cost; easy monthly pay ments, Write now for free copy of "Master Letters In Business"

LaSalle Extension University, Dept 1252-BLW Chicago "The World's Greatest Extension University"

SEXOLOGY

All in one volume

Illustrated

by William H. Walling, A. M., M. D.
imparts in a clear wholesome
way, in one volume:

Knowledge a Young Man Should Have.
Knowledge a Young Husband Should Have.
Knowledge a Father Should Have.

Knowledge a Father Should Impart to His Son.
Medical Knowledge a Husband Should Have.

Knowledge a Young Woman Should Have.
Knowledge a Young Wife Should Have.
Knowledge a Mother Should Have.

Knowledge a Mother Should Impart to Her Daughter. $2.00 postpaid Medical Knowledge a Wife Should Have.

Write for "Other People's Opinions" and Table of Contents. PURITAN PUB. CO., 783 PERRY BUILDING, PHILA., PA.

30 cents per copy FUNK & WAGNALLS COMPANY,

New York

Vol. LIX, No. 10

Whole Number 1494

Ο

66

UR WAR-MACHINE is now operating backward, so that even if it had no brakes, as a paragrapher once remarked, it seems at least to have a reverse lever. The people who complained that we were 'not getting into the war fast enough" are now beginning to say that we are too slow in getting out. But they are reminded by various editors that the task of putting four million soldiers back into civil life and replacing the nation's business on a peace instead of a war basis is not simple. The fact that our men were just beginning to fight makes our problem easier in one way than that of our Allies, Mr. Charles H. Grasty writes from Paris to the New York Times. Four years of war, he observes, have transformed Frenchmen, Italians, and Englishmen into soldiers; "our adaptable men have taken hold of war enthusiastically and efficiently, but nine out of ten of them are still essentially unchanged and will go back as eagerly to work as before the war." "How soon will the boys come back?" is a question which is being eagerly and anxiously put by parents and friends of the men who have gone overseas. Our military authorities have answered that the men will be returned as soon as possible. But that, it is explained, does not mean at once. The Grand Rapids Herald recalls that between the last battle or armistice and final demobilization of troops there elapsed in the RussoJapanese War thirteen months; in the Boer War, ten months; in the Spanish-American War, sixteen months; in the TurcoRussian War, eighteen months; in the Franco-Prussian War, twenty-eight months; in our own Civil War, seventeen months. The Michigan editor comments:

"In none of these other struggles were there any such postwar policing problems as confront us to-day; and in none of these wars was there any such tremendous bulk of men involved at so great a distance from the homeland. Offsetting these contemplations is the fact that our Government has learned the art of working human miracles since a year ago last April. Our Government is constantly accomplishing the seemingly impossible. Nevertheless, sanity compels us to look probabilities in the face; and these probabilities warn us that if our whole Army is demobilized in twelve months it will be a comparative record surpassing anything in the story of mankind."

Of the 2,200,000 American soldiers in Europe, it is generally estimated that half will be needed for occupation duty in Germany and elsewhere. The homeward movement of the others has already begun. Construction in France has been stopt and contracts for army supplies canceled. The actual homeward shipment of the men will be delayed by the necessity for using both the French railroads and the available merchant marine for the shipment of food and other supplies to those who need it, while Great Britain will want her own ships for sending home her colonial armies. The first men to come home will be the sick and the convalescent wounded, then will come troops in various auxiliary services, such as aviators, gas and tank troops, and replacement units. The combat troops will

DAY

follow either in order of certainty of employment at home or on a geographical basis. In any event, says General March, they will not "sneak into the country." By spring, some press writers think, the whole United States Army except the troops needed for police duty in Europe will be on the way home.

The army of occupation, many of our editors believe, will be in Europe for months, perhaps for a year. The Charleston (W. Va.) Mail reminds us that "the war is not yet over" and Germany must be forced to accept the peace terms. This paper thinks that the work of occupation in Germany should be done mainly by the United States, which has had "fewer losses than any other nation." The New York Evening Sun similarly demands that we should do our full share of the police duty. "We left most of the work of saving the world's civilization to others," it says; "let us not drop our smaller part of the burden before the job is done." The Chattanooga News reminds us that the German Army is still intact and has not surrendered its small arms, and warns us that the Army may renew the war or the German people may themselves call us in to restore order. Then, says the Topeka Capital, there is Russia to be saved, and it expects a large American army to be maintained in Europe and Asia “for a matter rather of years than of months." The Washington Post does not believe the American troops now on German soil will leave "for many years, if ever." American occupation of German territory may sound "preposterous" at this moment, but "how will it sound at the end of the twenty-year period when Germany has repaid only one-fifth or one-tenth of the enormous debt that she owes to the world?" The Charleston News and Courier, on the other hand, wants a minimum of police work, and does not consider it "our business or that of our allies to use armies in order to establish in Central Europe any particular government or form of government." It will be remembered that after our entrance into the war Mr. Hearst's papers declaimed against sending any of our boys to take part in a European quarrel, and our readers may be interested in knowing their attitude now. They demand that the Government should at once "bring the boys home." The New York American declares that America's object in the war is accomplished; it observes that our associates, great and small, will get territorial or other compensations, and argues that

"If the United States is too foreign to Europe to have any part of its war-costs reimbursed out of Europe's assets, it very reasonably follows that the United States is also foreign enough to Europe to be under no earthly obligation to increase Europe's assets by carrying on the expensive work of policing European states which are in disorder.

"Let the European governments which are pocketing the gains of the war we won for them pay the cost of their own police forces."

The problems to be faced in demobilizing the 1,750,000 men in the camps in this country are of a similar nature, at least in

released as soon as possible to help meet the farm-labor shortage. Industrial groups will then be demobilized in the following order:

"First-Immediate release of all men who were employed in food-production.

"Secondly-Early release of skilled men in ship-building trades or adaptable to them.

"Thirdly-Discharge of men who were on railroads or who were engaged in the manufacture of railroad supplies.

"Fourthly-Miners, especially the anthracite coal-miners. "Fifthly-All keymen in industry, such as managers of business, executives, technical experts, proprietors of business, etc. "Sixthly-Men who are self-supporting, professional men and all others who are likely to be able to look out for themselves, and all men who are promised or are certain of jobs."

In order that there may be work for every man as he leaves, the War Industries Board is sending out questionnaires to employers asking about their needs for men. At the same time the draft boards which inducted the men into military service are being made use of to see that the men are helped into the right jobs when they go home. The United States Employment Service is making a survey of the labor situation in industrial centers. The president of the National Association of Manufacturers expects every discharged soldier to find a warm welcome when he seeks employment at his former work, and says:

"The one outstanding obligation of every manufacturer now is to be ready to take back into his plant the men who dropt their work to place their lives at the disposal of the nation. It is their plain duty to have an 'open door' for a return to opportunity and prosperity of every American soldier and sailor who seeks to return to his former employment and occupation."

The draft boards and employers of Illinois will see to it that "the 175,000 soldiers and sailors from Chicago will get their

jobs back or be promoted to better ones," according to a dispatch to the New York World. This paper has telegraphed to a number of the large employers of the country and finds that, practically without exception or qualification, they will have room for every employee who has been absent on war-service. Some of the concerns making such statements are: the Standard Oil Company of New Jersey, Armour & Company, Marshall Field & Company, the National Cloak and Suit Company, the International Pulp Company, the Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company, the American Woolen Company, and the Maxwell Motor Car Company.

But all this willingness to provide jobs would be of no avail if there was not work to be done. Prospects, says the Indianapolis News and scores of its contemporaries agree are for "a period of unusual prosperity with plenty of work for all." For one thing, "the withdrawal of war-orders ought to be almost completely offset by the increased demands for peace goods which have been shoved aside for four years." The New York Times points out that

"Construction enterprises of both public and private nature, which have been in abeyance for a couple of years or more, will call for the employment of hundreds of thousands of men. The great ship-building plants, an entirely new industry, will continue in full blast. Work for foreign reconstruction will also require the services of all kinds of handicraftsmen, and the need of clothing in different foreign countries will help keep busy the textile-mills, shoe-factories, and other establishments.

"Then, too, there is another aspect of the labor situation. In normal times it was necessary to keep getting new human working material from abroad in order to meet the growing needs of the country. This immigration has virtually ceased. In the year 1914 more than 1,200,000 foreigners came here, and there was no difficulty in absorbing them. Why should there be any great commotion in absorbing a few million returning Americans coming back gradually, especially as there is now an efficient organization for securing employment for them, which was not the case with regard to the immigrants?"

We are reminded by the financial editor of the New York Tribune that there is an estimated shortage of three millions of farm-laborers, and that all farm-workers who went into the Army or the munitions-factories are sure of reemployment on the farms. Young Americans who have joined the Navy and wish to continue a sailor's life will find an opportunity awaiting them in our new merchant marine, the Dallas News points out.

The United States Government is preparing through its War Labor Policies Board a program of after-war readjustment intended to prevent unemployment, lowering of labor standards and wages, and possible business depression. The first step, we read in the New York Tribune's Washington correspondence, is to be the inauguration of public works on a large scale, including irrigation and reclamation projects, highways, waterways, and railway construction. An appeal is to be issued to States and municipalities to resume at once all public work which had been curtailed or abandoned because of the war. In the third place, the War Finance Board, the Capital Issues Committee, the Federal Reserve Board, and Congress will be asked to cooperate in the conversion of war-plants to peace plants. The curtailed and supprest 'non-essential" industries will be helped to get back to normal as soon as possible. Soldier labor and war-work labor are to be diverted to the farms as far as possible. Finally, it is planned to ulize our soldiers abroad as long as possible in the labor of reconstruction in Europe.

66

Besides the soldiers, there is the grea army of workers in warindustry. For their sake and for the sake of their employers there is to be, according to Assistant Secretary of War Crowell, "a tapering off of war-work, giving time for industrial readjustment and for the industry to take up civilian work." Brig.Gen. Guy E. Tripp, who has just returned to his duties with the Westinghouse Company, declares that the transition to a peace basis will be "largely accomplished within six months."

T

WHY MR. MCADOO RESIGNS

10 CREATE A MYSTERY, the simplest procedure for a public man is to make a plain statement of fact, remarks some editorial observers as they note the incredulity, not to say suspicion, that greets the resignation of Mr. William Gibbs McAdoo, Secretary of the Treasury and Director-General of Railroads. He is to retire as Railroad Director on January 1, and leaves the Treasury Department upon the appointment of his successor by the President. In his letter of resignation, Mr. McAdoo tells the President that while he does not wish to convey the impression that there is any actual impairment of his health, yet "as a result of long overwork I need a reasonable period of genuine rest to replenish my energy." But more than this, Mr. McAdoo writes, "I must, for the sake of my family, get back to private life, to retrieve my personal fortune." The New York Tribune (Rep.) believes the country will "unanimously regret" the retirement of Mr. McAdoo, whose going is "a catastrophe for the Wilson Administration." This daily reminds us that before people had crystallized emotionally on the war and while yet “many wavered in a twilight zone between physical force and moral suasion, his was the voice that never faltered, his the vision that could not be deflected." If there be reasons for his retirement other than those that appear on the surface, they will develop later, says the Buffalo Evening News (Rep.), which at the moment confesses gratitude to a man who "whatever his mistakes may have been-and frankly we believe he made as few mistakes as any man who could have been called to the post-served his country well in the hour of its need." The Hartford Courant (Rep.) acknowledges that Mr. McAdoo has been "a hard and energetic worker, and that his duties have been exacting," and adds:

"His term has covered a period of transition in the banking laws of the country and of unusual stress on account of the warfinancing. The country has financed the war without serious difficulty, and whatever credit is due Mr. McAdoo for this he is welcome to. It must be remembered, however, that the country was in a highly prosperous condition when we went into the war and able to have borne even a heavier burden. So far as the Treasury Department has been responsible for the character of the war-revenue bills, it is not free from criticism.

"In lifting the railroads to a higher degree of efficiency, Mr. McAdoo has had two powerful levers that the managers of the roads under the old condition were unable to use. He has boosted freight- and passenger-rates to unheard-of figures and he has consolidated them in a way that would have horrified the Interstate Commerce Commission and the trust 'busters' in the days before the war. Even with these powerful and most useful instruments in his hands, it is doubtful if Mr. McAdoo has increased the country's railroad efficiency except in respect to the government business, and he has failed to make them pay. There is some fear when he and his successor are through with them, if they do get through, the roads will be in worse physical condition than when he took hold."

Among Democratic journals we find the Raleigh News and Observer ranking Mr. McAdoo "among the greatest of the nation's Secretaries of the Treasury," under whose administration it has been "taken out from under the control of Wall Street and its powers devoted to the service of the public." The Pittsburg Sun (Dem.) also warmly praises Mr. McAdoo, who has been "an able and a faithful servant of the public, and his work has been beneficial to the nation." The Richmond Virginian (Dem.) and the Charleston News and Courier (Dem.) believe it will not be easy for President Wilson to fill Mr. McAdoo's place either as Secretary of the Treasury or as administrator of the railways, and the Brooklyn Eagle (Ind. Dem.) assures us that few men have ever left the Cabinet with a finer record, and "no Secretary of the Treasury since the days of Hamilton supported heavier responsibilities."

But the New York Sun (Ind.) is one of the papers that believes "no explanation of the unexpected withdrawal which deprives

President Wilson's Cabinet of its strongest and most conspicuous member seems to fit exactly the known facts of the case," and the Philadelphia Press (Rep.) says there will be "a widespread opinion that it would have been better ordered if Mr. McAdoo's period of three months' rest and the President's trip to Europe had not been made coincident." Says the Springfield Republican (Ind.):

"It is apparent that Mr. McAdoo retires at a fortunate time for his own fame. He is now at the very peak of his success in achievement. By retiring he escapes what may prove to be the luckless embarrassments of the reconstruction perioddifficulties in dealing with railroad labor and taxation measures

and huge bond issues offered to a people no longer fired by the military struggle at the front.

"If one is looking ahead to political developments, he would say that circumstances conspire to make this the opportune time. for Mr. McAdoo to withdraw from public life and restore his strength in anticipation of a Presidential candidacy in 1920. This will surely be said by Mr. McAdoo's political adversaries and to leave it unrecorded would leave the story unfinished at this date."

As for the "Presidential bee," we may refer to a speech of Secretary McAdoo made at Houston, Texas, on April 16 last, when an enthusiastic chairman introduced him as the coming President. His disclaimer was quoted in THE LITERARY DIGEST for May 25, which we reproduce in part as follows:

"But, ladies and gentlemen, this war can not be won unless there is at this time developed in America more than it has already been developed that unity of purpose that comes from the subordination of every personal and private interest, the squaring of every individual action with the noble standard of a perfectly selfless Americanism. It is no time for politics, it is no time for personal ambitions-and that impels me to refer to the suggestion your chairman made in introducing me.

"I speak feelingly about this, my fellow countrymen, because I can not serve you as I want to serve you if my motives are ever suspected or if it ever should be supposed that I had a personal end in view. I must have your confidence and I must have the confidence of the American people if I am to do this job thoroughly; and if I have it, I want to keep it. I can not keep it and I would not deserve to if I have any selfish purpose to serve.

"In my humble judgment, as things stand to-day and as they may stand in 1920, there is only one man in America who deserves the great and exalted office of the Presidency, and he is holding that office now."