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on just within the law, at Bucharest and Sofia, at San Sebastian and Lisbon, and even in the diminutive state of San Marino.

The German organization in Holland has, of course, no admitted existence. The Dutch Government is never able to detect a given breach of law or international etiquette that would justify drastic action. But the Boche leaves no stone unturned to win Dutch favor, or secure information of Allied military secrets. Prof. Hans Delbrück intones mild-phrased lectures at the University of Utrecht-that is one form of Germanism: the cafés of Holland are filled with beautiful blond Boche womenthat is another!

One of the prettiest examples of German stage management I have ever experienced occurred in a fashionable hotel in The Hague one evening not long ago. Two young German officers in uniform, doubtless under instructions, walked into a room where two British officers in uniform were having coffee and cigars. The Germans strode up to them, clicked their spurred heels with a loud report, and bowed. The British officers were forced to return the salute, but the Dutch people present remained quite unimprest by this blatant form of German politeness.

Meetings between interned Germans and interned Britishers, even tho the British are required to remain within bounds at The Hague while the Germans are confined to the environs of Rotterdam, occasionally take place. Then there is trouble in the air, even if the peace-loving Hollander usually manages to prevent actual outbursts.

The correspondent describes one such meeting:

a

the

I saw two British soldiers pass Brandenburger on the street about a fortnight ago, just before the offensive started. There were glares; the German beat the pavement with his heavy boots; British coughed rather in the manner of an angry lion; the Dutch policeman waved his white baton vaguely and drew near, and once again Dutch neutrality was saved. . . . . . .

I had an opportunity to inspect a camp of German deserters in Holland, but these men are so cowed in spirit that they hesitate to express their abhorrence of the system from which they have escaped. Even in Holland they rest under the German shadow.

Their view-point is almost impossible to obtain, but while a large proportion of them have a fairly definite antagonism to the German Government, there is nothing to show that a German deserter is a decent, reformed man, merely because he has run away.

I was amused to hear many of these exsoldiers state that they intended to go to America as soon as the war ended. The American Government knows enough about Germanism to guard against something that is, after all, as much a strain of race as a perversion of human attitudes.

There was a young Bavarian in a foragecap, pacing about in the rain, whom I stopt suddenly and asked: "Do you think the German Government will ever pardon deserters?" He regarded me in a determined way, as if he had been thinking about just that point. Then he bellowed, as one should shout an axiom: "If Germany wins, there will be no pardons!" With regard to the general food-situ

ation in Holland, I have found food more
plentiful in The Hague, at any rate, than
in London. There is no lack of sugar and
sweets, a fair quantity of meat and bread,
but a distinct shortage of tea and cereals.

Dutch business men have won much
prosperity out of the war, perhaps more, in
proportion, than the business men of any
other country. But the wealth is con-
centrated in a very few hands, and while
prices have increased, there has been no
compensating rise in wages, as in the
United Kingdom.

Moreover, unemployment in Holland is concentrated in peculiar economic, areas, as, for example, in Rotterdam, where there is universal unemployment among the shipping workers, who form about ninetenths of the working population. As these men have neither money, work, nor food, but must stand in long cues in order to procure the smallest quantity of tripe, the Dutch Government is faced with a distinctly dangerous prospect.

A Dutch mob has an angry temper, and there may yet come a time when Holland may experience something of the human antagonisms that have, in a larger sense and method, devastated the greater part of Europe since 1914.

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ORNER-GROCERY war-experts, parlor militarists, newspaper editors, and so many other critics who never saw a war have had their say as to just why the war in Europe must go on that there may be a certain freshness in the point of view AMERICAN DISTRICT STEAM COMPANY of some Americans on the ground.

American soldiers got wind of the late "Peace Offensive" some time before it struck these shores. Sergeant Lawrence M. Michelson, of Cincinnati, Ohio, one of the most recent commentators, not only predicted the "feelers," but hinted at trouble in the Army if they gained any acceptance over here. His letter appears in the Cincinnati Enquirer:

Through reading the French and English papers, such as we receive here, I have come to the conclusion that since Germany has suffered two crushing defeats in the last thirty days she feels and knows that to obtain a victory on the Western Front is impossible, and as a result soon will start another one of her famous peace offensives to obtain a German "peace."

This alone, above most things, is to be most feared at the present time, and we boys over here would almost feel as if we had been betrayed were the folks at home even willing to listen to such a thing at the present time.

Just think what it would mean to the world now, peace with Germany after she had conquered almost half of Europe, laid waste most or all of it, ravished or murdered its helpless women and children, and, in short, broken every law of common decency of God and man to gain her selfish ends and criminal, desires!

What of helpless Poland, ruined Bel-
gium, and Servia, and victimized Russia?
Russia is the more to be pitied, since her
downfall was caused by her own leaders,
who were seduced by the cunning tongues
of the lying malefactors.

Yet Germany is more cunning than
I wonder what we could expect

cruel.

tem

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her to do for these countries at the peace conference were we willing to listen to her terms. Perhaps, for the sake of argument, she might agree to give back to Belgium her rightful freedom, but just as surely as we do that another country will have to pay the penalty. And that other country would be-Russia, helpless and prostrate as she is.

Germany would demand great tracts of Russia as her "war-gains"-land as great as her own in square miles and as rich, if not richer, in natural resources. How long would it take, do you suppose, before again we would have to face Germany across No Man's Land-a Germany twice as strong and twice as well prepared, profiting by the enormous mistakes she has made in the present conflict.

Many other boys, I think, have written home letters of a similar kind, because we seek to have those at home feel that, no matter how much we may long for home and those near and dear to us, we will accept no half-way measures, but desire the job done, and done right.

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That night every malade who could possibly be moved went down to the cave for the night. At 9:30 the Huns arrived and never to my dying day shall I forget that night. They bombed until 3:45 A.M., around and around the hospital-wall, got the chapel and morgue, broke every pane of glass in the hospital, blew open every iron shutter on the windows, came within ten yards of the contagious building, so that all the contagious patients were forced to come over to our cave and halls; the concussion of one bomb was so terrific that it broke again the leg of Captain Mosley (one of our oldest patients), whose breaks (two) had nicely knitted. terror of the patients was simply pitiful; those brave lads who had gone over the top so unthinkingly found it almost impossible to bear the racket when they were helplessly bound to a bed.

The

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Corporal W. L. Whitcombe, formerly of Batavia, New York, is not inclined toward peace until there have been changes in Germany's ways. He writes from the fighting-lines:

You have, I have, and every one that reads has read of the German devastation. Dear folkses, reading makes little impression. You must see to realize, to even faintly comprehend the atrocities that the Hun has committed upon evacuated France. We have passed through villages where not a single house possesses a roof, where the legend Gott strafe England is on the buildings-mere shells of their former compactness-where the trees have been hacked to stop the flow of sap and deaden them, where churches have been dynamited viciously, where there are graves of women who have been ravaged so brutally that death must have been a blessing, where baby hands have been cut at the wrists, and old men have been the sport of these uncouth monsters, where wells have been poisoned

It

of a mind given over to degeneration and savagery has been committed. may be well. It may be that God has permitted these things so that we will be so incensed that we will never stop until every mother's son of a beast is dead in Germany, or has changed his mind. effect on me has been that I'm mighty glad I'm here and that I can take a man's part against such barbarians-which by the way is absolutely too polite a name for them.

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Its

During the past, the routine has blotted out the bigger aspects and even now it does at times, but that is only our human side. Deep down the larger things are constant with all of us. Every man in the company, I believe, feels much the same, and even the grumbling indicates the impatience of the men to take what they consider an active part.

Lieut. H. M. Ewing mentions peace prospects in a letter published by the Columbus (Ohio) Dispatch:

I heard a French captain say he would never again set a time for the war to be over as he had been fooled so often already. Others have it down to three and four and even one month! I think it will be some time next summer, if it is not over in three months. Nobody that I've talked with expects to reach Berlin. They seem to think the Boche will give in, and the Allies will dictate terms which will be accepted, before then. How true their judgment is I can not tell. For myself, if an extra six months or a year will take us to the lair of the beast, I am for going there and destroying his nest.

Dwight Humphrey Fee, of Canonsburg, Pa., now in Flanders, confesses that while he doesn't "yearn for blood," nevertheless he'll be glad when his section moves up." His letter was written not long before American troops in Flanders took Voormeezle and "moved up" in other localities.

To the British "Tommy" Private Fee pays a feeling and spontaneous tribute, the sort of tribute that he seems to feel may be needed in certain American quarters. He writes:

to ours.

Resent any slurs on British troops just as quickly as you would resent an insult Tell their critics to go up the line and see for themselves. The spirit, the brotherliness, the unselfishness, the kindliness, and the quiet courage of these British lads are things to be admired, no matter what some one "has heard." matter what misguided British statesmen have done in the past, or may do in the future, T. Atkins, of whatever shire, of whatever station in life, is a gentleman up the line. And the Jocks-I doubt if the Jocks have superiors.

No

James Norman Hall-here's to him!was right about the Tommies. "One wonders (not long, however) how he can ever live with them; and then he wonders how one can ever live without them." They're the greatest ever. hearted, and simple-hearted they are. Kindly, wholematter what is on, it's simply a case of Νο "carry on" with them. lutely unknown. Before I knew the TomHeroics are absomies I thought their reputation for trenchhumor had been overrated. Now I know it simply can not be overrated. Not that life in the line is one grand round of

66

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repartee, but to my knowledge there has never arisen a situation, no matter how serious, that some Tommy didn't have something funny to say about it. And their songs you shall certainly hear them when I get back.

But, altho I may be prejudiced because of my own ancestry, the prize crew is the Jocks. It was my good fortune to live for four days with a little detachment of kilties from Ian Hay's own regiment, the Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders. They weren't from his Own battalion, tho. Harry Lauder's son was in the same regiment, too, you know. These lads were part of the first hundred thousand, so you can wel! imagine the pleasure I had.

They might well have stept from out the pages of "The First Hundred Thousand." With their arguments, their songs, and their pride in "Auld Scotia," they simply took the cake. Here's the address of one of them; save it in case I should lose it: M. Quinn, 7, Park Lane, Stirling, Scotland.

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And they sang that song Ian Hay speaks about, "Hold Yer Hand Oot, Ye Naughty Boy," altho it's about five years old. They hailed me as the "American Scotsman,' and immediately christened me "Scotty," at the same time insisting that I was getting "Scotchier-looking" every day. Oh, it was a great week-end!

The war is no picnic, of course. Jerry's bombs are absolutely unpleasant, his shells are annoying, and his personal calls are unwelcome-not to mention his machine guns.

My new work is growing interesting and promises to be really important; that is, the section's work. We've moved again. This is the ninth place in France where I've spent at least one night. I don't know how long we'll be here. We are still away behind the front of one of the best-known sectors on the line. I'll be glad when we actually move up. I don't yearn for blood, but I do feel useless back here after nearly eleven months in the Army.

In our particular work there will be no actual combat-work, and no patrolling or scouting. I think I can get on a patrol now and then, tho. But you mustn't worry. I sha'n't run into danger needlessly, of course, but in a pinch I know what you want me to do and what, if all's well, I shall do.

Sometimes, when I see what some folks get away with-and not only on this side of the water, either-I am tempted to go after a "cushie" job myself. Then two things occur to me: One, that it isn't my idea of the right thing to do, because no matter what others do, that doesn't relieve one of doing what he himself and he alone believes to be right; the second is that you, living up to the creed yourself, wouldn't approve, and thus it would be unfair to you. So we'll both see the thing through to the finish; we'll keep the faith.

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