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The following table shows, by sex and race, the percentage of foreign-born employees of non-English-speaking races who speak English:

TABLE 77.-Per cent of foreign-born employees who speak English, by sex and race.

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[This table includes only non-English-speaking races with 80 or more persons reporting. however, is for all non-English-speaking races.]

The total,

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The proportion of foreign-born employees who speak English is 79.5 per cent for males and 78 per cent for females. Of the different races, the Dutch, Germans, and French Canadians, in the order mentioned, have the largest proportions of males who speak English, and the North Italians and the South Italians have the smallest, while the Dutch, Russian Hebrews, and Germans, in the order mentioned, have the largest proportions of females so reported, and the North Italians and French Canadians have the smallest.

The progress of younger and older immigrants in acquiring an ability to speak English according to age at time of arrival in this country is considered in the table next submitted.

TABLE 78.-Per cent of foreign-born persons 6 years of age or over who speak English, by age at time of coming to the United States and race of individual.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[This table includes only non-English-speaking races with 40 or more persons reporting. The total, however, is for all non-English-speaking races.]

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Information was obtained in this industry for 794 foreign-born persons. Of those who were under 14 years of age at time of coming to the United States 99.1 per cent now speak English, as compared with 71.5 per cent of those who were 14 years of age or over at time of coming. Of those who were under 14 years of age at time of coming, each race, except the North and South Italians, reports 100 per cent who now speak English, while of those who were 14 years of age or over at time of coming to the United States the Hebrews, with 79.3 per cent, report a slightly larger proportion than do the Syrians, South Italians, Poles, Armenians, and North Italians, in the order named.

The progress made by persons of non-English-speaking races in acquiring the ability to speak English after designated periods of residence in this country is set forth in the table following:

TABLE 79.—Per cent of foreign-born persons 6 years of age or over who speak English, by years in the United States and race of individual.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[By years in the United States is meant years since first arrival in the United States. This table includes only non-English-speaking races with 40 or more persons reporting. The total, however, is for all nonEnglish-speaking races.]

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Of a total of 794 persons reporting complete data in the above table, 65.2 per cent of those in the United States under five years, 83.6 per cent of those with a period of residence of from five to nine years, and 89.5 per cent of those here ten years or over now speak English. The Hebrews show the largest and the North Italians the smallest proportion who speak English, as regards each period of residence. With the exception of the Hebrews, the proportion of each race speaking English increases with the length of residence.

48296°-VOL 11-11-7

The following table shows the percentage of foreign-born employees now able to speak English, by age at time of coming to the United States:

TABLE 80.-Per cent of foreign-born employees who speak English, by sex, age at time of coming to the United States, and race.

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[This table includes only non-English-speaking races with 200 or more persons reporting. The total, however, is for all non-English-speaking races.]

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It appears from this table that in the case of each race, without exception, a considerably larger proportion of the persons who came to the United States as children than of those who were 14 years of age or over are now able to speak English. The least difference appears among the Dutch males, and the greatest difference among the Polish females.

The following table shows the percentage of foreign-born employees who speak English, by years in the United States:

TABLE 81.-Per cent of foreign-born employees who speak English, by sex, years in the United States, and race.

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[By years in the United States is meant years since first arrival in the United States. This table includes only non-English-speaking races with 200 or more persons reporting. The total, however, is for all nonEnglish-speaking races.]

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From the preceding table it appears that 48.7 per cent of the males and 43.4 per cent of the females who have been in the United States under five years can speak English, as compared with 76.2 per cent of the males and 83 per cent of the females who have been here from five to nine years, and 91.2 per cent of the males and 91.7 per cent of the females who have been here ten years or over. Almost without exception the percentages increase with length of residence in the United States. All of the Russian Hebrews, both males and females, who have been in the United States ten years or over can speak English. On the whole, the North Italians exhibit the smallest percentages reported in the table.

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