Members of households for whom detailed information was secured. 667 Employees for whom information was secured.... 669 CHAPTER II.-Racial displacements: History of immigration... 671 Period of residence in the United States of foreign-born employees and members of their households.. 674 Racial classification of employees at the present time. 675 Reasons for employing immigrants... Method of securing immigrant labor. Discrimination... CHAPTER III.-Economic status: 676 676 676 677 Industrial condition abroad of members of immigrant households studied.. 679 681 General occupation of males at the present time, in the households studied. 682 683 684 Annual earnings of male heads of families studied. 686 Annual earnings of males 18 years of age or over in the households studied. 688 689 690 Wives at work.. 691 Relation between the earnings of husbands and the practice of wives of keeping boarders or lodgers... 692 Sources of family income.. 693 Relative importance of the different sources of family income.. Age classification of employees and members of their households. CHAPTER VII.-General progress and assimilation: Ownership of homes.. Status of children in the households studied. Citizenship...... Ability to speak English. General tables..... List of text tables.. List of general tables.. 697 698 701 704 706 707 708 713 715 720 721 725 725 726 727 731 733 783 787 665 COLLAR, CUFF, AND SHIRT MANUFACTURING. CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION. Growth of the industry-Increase in the number of employees-Territory studiedHouseholds studied-Members of households for whom detailed information was secured-Employees for whom information was secured-[Text Tables 1 to 7 and General Tables 1 to 3]. GROWTH OF THE INDUSTRY. More than one-half of the capital engaged in the collar and cuff manufacturing industry at the present time is invested in the State of New York. This fact, together with the growth of the industry in that State and the country as a whole during the period 1880-1905, is set forth in the table below: TABLE 1.-Growth of the collar, cuff, and shirt manufacturing industry in the State of New York and in the United States, 1880-1905. [Compiled from United States Census Reports, Manufactures, 1880-1905.] pre The expansion in the collar and cuff industry, as shown in the ceding table, has been attended by a large demand for labor, which has been met principally by the employment of immigrants of recent and past years. The increase in the operating forces of the industry 48296°--VOL 11-11-43 667 during the period 1880-1905 in the State of New York and in the United States is shown in the table which immediately follows: TABLE 2.-Increase in the number of employees in the collar, cuff, and shirt manufacturing industry in the State of New York and the United States, 1880-1905. [Compiled from United States Census Reports, Manufactures, 1880-1905.] a Data for collars and cuffs and for shirts given separately in Manufacturing Industries of 1905. b Data for shirts only in Census of Manufactures of 1900. c Data for shirts only in Statistics of Manufactures of 1880. TERRITORY STUDIED. The investigation of the industry under study was limited to the State of New York and the intensive study was confined to Troy, the principal center of the manufacture in the State and in the United States. HOUSEHOLDS STUDIED. A total of 264 households, the heads of which were engaged in the manufacture of collars, cuffs, or shirts, were studied in detail. The following table shows, by general nativity and race of head of household, the number and percentage of households studied. TABLE 3.-Households studied, by general nativity and race of head of household. Of the total number of households studied in the preceding table 53 per cent were foreign-born, 31.8 per cent were native-born of native father, and 15.2 per cent were native-born of foreign-father. Among the native-born of foreign father the Irish show a considerably higher percentage than do the Germans, while of foreign-born, Armenians, Irish, and Germans show little difference in their percentage, followed by English and Danish in somewhat smaller proportions. MEMBERS OF HOUSEHOLDS FOR WHOM DETAILED INFORMATION WAS SECURED. The table next presented shows, by general nativity and race of head of household, the persons in the households studied and the persons for whom detailed information was secured. TABLE 4.-Persons in households studied and persons for whom detailed information was secured, by general nativity and race of head of household. The above table shows that foreign-born persons report 55.7 per cent of the total number of persons in households, native-born of native father show 28 per cent, and native-born of foreign father 16.3 per cent. Of native-born of foreign father, the Irish show considerably larger proportions than Germans in households, while of the foreign-born, Armenians show the highest percentage and the Danes the lowest. The table below sets forth, by general nativity and race of head of household, the sex of persons in the households studied for whom detailed information was secured: TABLE 5.-Sex of persons for whom detailed information was secured, by general nativity and race of head of household. (STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.) |