The tendency to acquire citizenship after designated periods of residence in this country is set forth in the following table, which shows, by years in the United States and race, the present political condition of foreign-born male employees who were 21 years of age or over at the time of coming to the United States:

TABLE 86.-Present political condition of foreign-born male employees who were 21 years of age or over at time of coming to the United States, by years in United States and race.

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[By years in the United States is meant years since first arrival in the United States. This table includes only races with 100 or more males reporting. The total, however, is for all foreign-born.]

The preceding table shows that of 2,167 male employees reporting who were 21 years of age or over at the time of coming to the United States 28.9 per cent are naturalized and 21.8 per cent have first papers only. Germans show a much higher proportion than any of the other races who are citizens of the United States, the per cent of this race who are aliens being very small. Only one other race, the Bohemians and Moravians, show over 50 per cent fully naturalized, while the proportion of South Italians who are fully naturalized and who have first papers only is very small, showing a large proportion of aliens of this race. Germans and Lithuanians with a residence of from five to nine years in the United States show a high per cent fully naturalized when compared with the other races given. Bohemians and Moravians show the lowest per cent fully naturalized, but on the other hand these races show the highest per cent having first papers only. Among males who have a residence of ten years or over in this country Germans show the highest per cent fully naturalized, and Russian Hebrews the highest per cent having first papers only. South Italians show a greater proportion of aliens in this group than any other race.

The table next presented shows by race of individual the present political condition of foreign-born males in the households studied who had been in the United States five years or over and who were 21 years of age or over at the time of coming to this country.

TABLE 87.-Present political condition of foreign-born males who have been in the United States 5 years or over and who were 21 years of age or over at time of coming, by race of individual.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[By years in the United States is meant years since first arrival in the United States.]

From the above table it will be seen that of the 421 foreign-born males for whom information was obtained, only 24.7 per cent are fully naturalized and an additional 17.8 per cent have secured first papers.

As regards those fully naturalized, the Bohemians and Moravians report by far the largest proportion, or 69.2 per cent.

Among those having first papers only the Hebrews show the largest proportion.

The degree of citizenship in the different localities studied may be seen from the table next presented which shows by locality, race, and length of residence in United States present political condition of foreign-born male employees who were 21 years of age or over at time of coming to this country:

TABLE 88.-Present political condition of foreign-born male employees who have been in the United States each specified number of years and who were 21 years of age or over at time of coming, by locality and by race.

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[By years in the United States is meant years since first arrival in the United States. This table includes only races with 100 or more males reporting in each of two or more localities. The total, however, is for all foreign-born.]

TABLE 88.-Present political condition of foreign-born male employees who have been in the United States each specified number of years and who were 21 years of age or over at time of coming, by locality and by race-Continued.

Of the total number of persons included in the above table who have been in the United States for from five to nine years, 7.5 per cent are fully naturalized and 28.8 per cent have first papers only. Among those whose residence in this country has been for ten years or over, more than 50 per cent are fully naturalized while only 14.4 per cent have first papers only. The total showing for the industry is that while nearly 30 per cent are fully naturalized, 21.8 per cent have first papers. In the period of five to nine years' residence the proportion of Russian Hebrews who are fully naturalized differs only slightly between Chicago and New York City, whereas for those who have first papers only the proportion for Chicago is 61.6 per cent as compared with 30.2 per cent for New York City. In the period of ten or more years' residence in this country, the Russian Hebrews in Chicago show a much larger proportion of fully naturalized persons than does the same race in New York City, while for those who have first papers only the proportion in New York City is 22.7 per cent as compared with but 3.2 per cent for Chicago. The Russian Hebrew is the only race reporting in numbers sufficiently large for computation.

ABILITY TO SPEAK ENGLISH.

As regards the ability to speak English the table next presented shows, by sex and general nativity and race of individual, the per cent of persons in the households studied, 6 years of age or over, who could speak English.

TABLE 89.-Per cent of persons 6 years of age or over who speak English, by sex and general nativity and race of individual.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[This table includes only non-English-speaking races with 40 or more persons reporting. The totals, however, are for all non-English-speaking races.]

Of the total number of males 81.1 per cent speak English and of the females 72 per cent. The proportion who do not speak English is confined almost entirely to the foreign-born. Of the latter class 74 per cent of the males speak English and 60 per cent of the females. It will be noted that a larger proportion of the males of every race of foreign-born are able to speak English than are the females. The degree of difference between the proportions shown varies widely. It is smallest between the Bohemian and Moravian races. The greatest difference in respect to speaking English is among the Lithuanians. The following table shows, by sex and general nativity and race, the per cent of foreign-born employees of non-English-speaking races who speak English:

TABLE 90.-Per cent of foreign-born employees who speak English, by sex and race.

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[This table includes only non-English-speaking races with 80 or more persons reporting. The total, however, is for all non-English-speaking races.]

The preceding table shows that of 13,133 persons reporting 59.7 per cent speak English. The per cent of males who can speak English is somewhat higher than that of females. Germans show a considerably higher per cent of persons who are able to speak English than any of the other races. Hebrews other than Russian, Roumanians, and Russian Hebrews follow in the order named, with over 70 per cent. Lithuanians, North Italians, South Italians, and Slovaks, in the order named, show less than 50 per cent of persons who are able to speak English. Russian Hebrews, Hebrews other than Russian, Roumanians, and Russians show a higher per cent of females who are able to speak English than males. All other races show a greater proportion of males than females who have ability to speak English.

The relative extent to which English is spoken in the different cities is set forth in the following table, which shows, by locality, by sex, and by race of individual, the per cent of foreign-born employees who could speak English:

TABLE 91.-Per cent of foreign-born employees who speak English, by locality, by sex, and by race.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[This table includes only non-English-speaking races with 80 or more persons reporting in each of two or more localities. The total, however, is for all non-English-speaking races.]