CONTENTS. PART 1.-GENERAL SURVEY OF THE INDUSTRY. Page. 259 260 260 260 262 269 271 272 278 283 CHAPTER I.-Introduction: The growth of the industry. The preparation of the report... History of immigration... members of their households... Racial classification of employees at the present time. Industrial condition abroad of members of immigrant households studied.. States... boarders or lodgers... Sources of family income. Relative importance of the different sources of family income. CHAPTER IV:-Working conditions: Regularity of employment. The immigrant and organized labor.. Rent in its relation to standard of living - Congestion.... Literacy.. Age classification of employees and members of their households. Ownership of homes.. 286 288 289 290 291 299 304 306 307 307 309 309 311 313 315 316 319 322 324 325 326 331 335 344 346 351 352 354 357 256 Clothing Manufacturing : Contents. PART II.-CLOTHING MANUFACTURING IN NEW YORK CITY. Page. 365 366 369 370 372 375 376 379 CHAPTER 1.-Introduction: Extent of the industry in New York City... Employees for whom information was secured.. History of immigration.. Racial classification of employees at the present time... Principal occupation of immigrant employees before coming to the United States... Weekly earnings. Relation between period of residence and earning ability. Hours of work... The immigrant and organized labor. Literacy..... Age classification of employees. Citizenship.... 383 383 387 389 390 394 395 399 400 PART III.—CLOTHING MANUFACTURING IN BALTIMORE, MD. CHAPTER 1.-Introduction: Page. Employees for whom information was secured... 405 CHAPTER II.-Racial displacements: History of immigration.... 407 Period of residence in the United States of foreign-born employees. 408 Racial classification of employees at the present time.. 409 Reasons for the employment of immigrants. 410 Methods used in securing immigrant labor. 411 Effect of employment of immigrants upon former employees.. 411 CHAPTER III.- Economic status: Principal occupation of immigrant employees before coming to the United 413 Occupations entered and progress of immigrants in the clothing industry.. 413 Weekly earnings.. 414 CHAPTER IV.-Working conditions: Hours of work... 417 Effect of the industrial depression of 1907 and 1908. 417 Effect of employment of immigrants upon establishment of new industries. 417 Employers' opinions of recent immigrants. 418 CHAPTER V.-Salient characteristics: Literacy..... 419 Conjugal condition. 420 Visits abroad..... 422 Age classification of employees. 423 CHAPTER VI.—General progress and assimilation: Citizenship... 425 Ability to speak English. 425 PART IV.—CLOTHING MANUFACTURING IN CHICAGO, ILL. Page. 429 431 431 433 434 435 436 439 CHAPTER I.-Introduction: Employees for whom information was secured... History of immigration.... Reasons for employing immigrants.. Principal occupation of immigrant employees before coming to the United States... Weekly earnings. Relation between period of residence and earning ability. The factory system.. Employers' opinion of recent immigrants... Literacy... Age classification of employees. Citizenship... 445 445 445 445 447 448 454 455 459 461 General tables.... General explanation of tables. 465 467 645 653 661 CLOTHING MANUFACTURING. PART 1.-GENERAL SURVEY OF THE INDUSTRY. CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION. The growth of the industry-Extent of the territory studied—Households studied Members of households for whom detailed information was secured-Employees for whom information was secured—The preparation of the report—[Text Tables 1 to 7 and General Tables 1 to 3). THE GROWTH OF THE INDUSTRY. The clothing manufacturing industry has undergone a rapid expansion during the past forty years, the value of men and women's clothing made in this country being $436,881,648 in the year 1900 as contrasted with only $161,560,836 in 1870. No statistics for the country as a whole are available since 1900, but during the past ten years it is thought that the extension of the industry has been relatively greater than in preceding decades. From the standpoint of immigration, the development of the clothing manufacturing industry has been chiefly significant in the demand for labor which has been created. The result of this demand is seen in the increase in the number of the operatives, the total number in 1870 being only 119,824 as compared with 265,633 in 1900. The increase in the number of persons employed in the manufacturing of clothing in the country as a whole during the period 1870–1908 is shown in the table immediately following, together with the geographical distribution of the operating force in the year 1900. The table also furnishes in a summary form an exhibit of the growth of the industry in the whole country during the period 1870–1890 and the localization of the industry in the year 1900. TABLE 1.-Growth of the clothing industry in the United States, 1870 to 1900, and status of the industry in selected States, 1900. [Compiled from United States Census Report, Manufactures, 1900, Part 3. Table 1, p. 261; Table 3, pp. 263–264; Table 11, pp. 272-279; Table 12, p. 280; Table 13, pp. 280-281; Table 14, p. 283; Table 16, pp. 284 286; and Table 23, pp. 292-295.) United States...... 6, 728 9, 705 Illinois. 1900 1890 1880 1870 1900 1900 1900 1900 1900 1900 1900 1900 1900 8,581 $169, 298, 434 $436,881, 648 88,068, 969 241, 553, 254 53, 743, 598 161, 560,836 1,086 16, 645, 681 47, 185, 980 208 9, 306, 756 20,039, 783 5,675, 148 12,064, 021 5,663, 533 80,804, 525 233, 721, 652 673 13,618, 486 24, 460, 863 729 15, 659, 696 35, 185, 804 915 19,805, 655 43, 519, 364 |
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