Users of these statistics are cautioned to keep in mind that data relate to establishments or firms classified under the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) Systern (U.S. Office of Management and Budget, Standard Industrial Classification Manual, various issues, Washington, D.C.) as being engaged in wholesale trade, retail trade, or in performing services. As defined in the SIC, services does not include finance, insurance and real estate. Data for such estabblishments are included in Chapter X.

Where two or more activities are carried on at a single location under a single ownership, all activities are generally grouped together and the entire establishment classified in its major activity. The activities of leased departments are generally combined with the parent establishment in which they are located. Data as presented for the various censuses and annual data do not include the activities engaged in at administrative offices or in auxiliary establishments. Neither do they include the operations of chain store warehouses.

T 1-14. National income originating in distribution and selected service industries, 1869-1970.

Source: 1869-1929, Harold Barger, "Income Originating in Trade, 1869-1929," Studies in Income and Wealth, vol. 24, Conference on Research in Income and Wealth, National Bureau of Economic Research, Princeton. U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (formerly Office of Business Economics), 1929-1963, National Income and Product Accounts of the United States, 1929-1965, table 1.12; 19641967, U.S. National Income and Product Accounts, 1964-67, table 1.12; 1968-1970, Survey of Current Business, July 1972, table 1.12.

Data for 1929-1948 are based on the 1942 Standard Industrial Classification System (SIC); data for 1948-1970 are based on the 1957 SIC System. For all series, data for 1948 are shown according to both systems. See reference in general note for series T 1-491.

T 15-28. Persons engaged in distribution and selected service industries, 1869-1970.

Source: 1869-1919, see source for series T 1-14; 1929-1970, see sources for series T 1-14, table 6.6.

These figures are in terms of full-time equivalent employment, which measures man-years of full-time employment and its equivalent work performed by part-time workers. Full-time employment is defined simply in terms of the number of hours which is customary at a particular time and place. For a full explanation of the concept, see U.S. Office of Business Economics, Survey of Current Business, June 1945, pp. 17 and 18.

Unpaid family workers are excluded due to unresolved difficulties in their definition and measurement.

For explanation of the two series presented for 1948, see the text for series T 1-14.

T 29-42. Average annual earnings per full-time employee in distribution and selected service industries, 1929-1970. Source: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (formerly Office of Business Economics), 1929-1963, The National Income and Product Accounts of the United States, 1929-1965, table 6.5; 1964-1967, U.S. National Income and Product Accounts, 1964-67, table 6.5; 1968-1970, Survey of Current Business, July 1972, table 6.5.

For definition of full-time employment, see text for series T 15-28.

Average annual earnings per full-time employee measures wageand-salary income per man-year of full-time work. Wages and salaries comprise all payments accruing to persons in an employee status as compensation for their work. They include commissions, tips, and bonuses, as well as cash payments commonly referred to as wages and salaries, together with the value of those payments in kind that clearly represent an addition to the recipient's income. Income in kind is valued, so far as possible, at its cost to the employer. Service industries in which it is a perceptible portion of wages and salaries include hotels and other lodging places and educational services.

Series T 29-42 do not include dismissal pay, directors' fees, employer contributions to social insurance funds and private pension plans, nor accident compensation payments.

For further details, see Survey of Current Business, June 1945, pp. 17 and 18.

T 43-57. Distribution and selected services, legal form of organization, 1935-1967.

Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census. 1935, U.S. Census of Business: 1935, Wholesale Distribution, vol. 1, p. 119. 1939, Sixteenth Census of the U.S.: 1940, Census of Business: 1939, vol. I, p. 71; vol. II, p. 200; and vol. III, p. 104. 1948, U.S. Census of Business: 1948, vol. I, p. 6.05; vol. IV, p. 5.02; and vol. VI, p. 5.02. 1954, U.S. Census of Business: 1954, vol. I, p. 5-2; vol. III, p. 7-2; and vol. V, p. 5–2. 1958, U.S. Census of Business: 1958, vol. I, p. 5–2; vol. III, p. 5–2; and vol. V, p. 5–2. 1963, 1963 Census of Business, vol. I, p. 5–1; vol. IV, p. 7-1; and vol. VI, p. 5-1. 1967, 1967 Census of Business, BC67-RS5, p. 5-103; BC67-WS8, p. 8-126; and BC67-SS8, p. 8-57.

Each establishment included in the censuses of business was classified into one of the following legal forms of organization: (1) Individual proprietorship-an establishment owned by one person, who may or may not actively participate in the operation of the business. (2) Partnership--an establishment owned by two or more persons each of whom has a financial interest in and responsibility for the business. Any partner may or may not actively participate in the operation of the business. (3) Corporation-an establishment (other than a cooperative) owned by an organization or company legally incorporated under State laws. In the 1939 and 1948 censuses of business, cooperative associations incorporated under either regular corporation laws or under the special cooperative association laws of the States were classified as corporations. Beginning with the 1954 Census of Business, a separate legal form was established for cooperatives. (4) Cooperative—an establishment owned by an association of customers of the establishment whether or not they are incorporated. In general, the distinguishing features of a cooperative are patronage dividends based on the volume of expenditures by the member, and a limitation of one vote per member regardless of the amount of stock owned. The establishments are open to the public as a rule, but generally are patronized primarily by members of the association operating the business. In the 1939 and 1948 censuses of business, cooperatives were defined as either "corporations," if the cooperative was incorporated, or as "other legal forms." (5) Other legal forms-These are establishments whose legal form of organization is not one of those defined above. Included in this legal form are liquor stores owned or operated by State, county, or municipal governments, and other miscellaneous ownership types such as estates, receiverships, some nonprofit organizations, and joint ventures. In the 1939 and 1948 censuses of business, cooperatives not incorporated were also included in this category.

T 58-78. Book value of inventories at end of year, 1929-1970.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (formerly Office of Business Economics). Series T 58-66: 1938, unpublished data; 1939-1946, 1969 Business Statistics, p. 63; 1947-1967, 1971 Business Statistics, p. 63; 1968-1970, Survey of Current Business, December 1971, p. 55. Series T 67-69: 1938-1945, 1953 Business Statistics, p. 16; 1946-1947, unpublished data; 1948-1970, 1971 Business Statistics, p. 24. Series T 70-78: 1929-1952, 1957 Business Statistics, pp. 17-20 except for series T 70, T 71, and T 75 for 1947-1952, which are revised figures from unpublished data; 1953-1970, 1971 Business Statistics, pp. 30-33.

In these series, trade inventories are valued at the cost of merchandise on hand; manufacturers' inventories at cost or market price, whichever is lower. About 15 percent of manufacturers' inventories are valued on a last-in-first-out basis; this basis is much less prevalent in trade, although it is used extensively by department stores. Changes in book values reflect changes in unit costs as well as changes in physical quantities.

Retail store inventories, series T 58-66, for 1938-45 were linked to the census of business for 1939 and 1948, the Internal Revenue Service's Statistics of Income, and Federal Reserve Board data on department store inventories. Data for 1946-1970 are based on sample information which is used to extrapolate year-end estimates from the 1952-1970 Annual Retail Trade Reports of the Bureau of the Census. Adjustments have been made to the data from 1961 forward to make them directly comparable to retail sales estimates derived from a new sample introduced in 1968.

Inventories of merchant wholesalers, series T 67-69, include wholesalers of farm products and raw materials. Figures for 19381946 include some types of nonmerchant wholesalers and are not comparable with data for later years. Figures for 1947-1958 are adjusted to the levels of the 1958 Census of Business sample from data based on samples selected from the 1948 and 1954 censuses of business. Figures for 1959 and later years are based on a sample designed to conform to the 1963 Census of Business. Inventories are valued at the cost of merchandise on hand; changes thus reflect changes in unit prices as well as changes in physical quantities.

Manufacturers' inventories for 1929-1946, series T 70, 71, and 75, and inventories by stage of fabrication for 1938-1952, series T 72-74 and T 76-78, are based on a sample of manufacturing companies. The data were collected by the Office of Business Economics and benchmarked to Internal Revenue Service's Statistics of Income reports. These data are not directly comparable to the series for later years because of differences in the conceptual basis of the two series, particularly in figures for inventories by stage of fabrication. Total manufacturers' inventories for 1947-1970 and inventories by stage of fabrication for 1953-1970 are based on sample reports collected from manufacturers by the Bureau of the Census and benchmarked to establishment data from its Annual Survey of Manufactures, which is benchmarked to the Census of Manufactures.

T 79-196. Retail establishments, sales, and persons engaged, by kind of business, 1929-1967.

Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census. 1929, Fifteenth Census of the United States, 1930, Distribution, vol. I, Retail Distribution, part 1. 1933, Census of American Business: 1933, United States Summaries; 1935, Census of Business: 1935, Retail Distribution, part 1, vol. I, U.S. Summary; 1939, Sixteenth Census of the United States, 1940, Census of Business, vol. I, Retail Trade: 1939, part 1; 1948, Census of Business: 1948, vol. I, Retail Trade, General Statistics, part 1; 1954, Census of Business: 1954, vol. I, Retail Trade-Summary Statistics; 1958, Census of Business: 1958, vol. I, Retail TradeSummary Statistics; 1963, Census of Business: 1963, vol. I, Retail Trade-Summary Statistics, part 1; 1967, Census of Business: 1967, vol. I, Retail Trade-Subject Reports.

Stores are classified according to their principal kind of business. Where a number of lines are carried, changes in relative importance

may serve to shift a particular establishment from one category to another between censuses. Sales figures shown are for kinds of establishments, not kinds of products.

Certain of these series have been adjusted or combined for some years prior to 1958, by Professors Charles S. Goodman and Reavis Cox (presently and formerly, respectively) of the Wharton School of Finance and Commerce, University of Pennsylvania, in order to provide historical series that are as comparable as possible. Figures for 1933, in particular, have been adjusted for comparability. The reports of the census of business provide considerably more detail as to kinds of business.

Sales and excise taxes are included in sales figures for 1954 and later years and excluded for 1948 and 1939.

Figures for persons engaged represent the total of the reported number of active proprietors and employees for the week including March 12 for 1967, of active proprietors and employees for the payroll period ended nearest November 15 for 1939-1963, and of active proprietors plus the average annual number of full-time and part-time employees for 1939 and earlier years. Unpaid family workers are excluded from figures for persons engaged.

Establishments without paid employment and with less than $2,500 sales were excluded in 1954 and 1958. The 1948 figures exclude stores which operated the entire year but had sales of less than $500. The corresponding cutoff point for 1939 was $100. Nonemployer establishments which did not operate the entire year were included in 1963 and 1967 if their receipts during the period they operated were at a rate which would have reached an annual total of $2,500 or more had they operated the entire year.

There have been many changes in enumeration methods, in accuracy, and in classifications over the years. The principal ones are noted here; others are described in the various census volumes. Users of the data are cautioned to consult original sources for more complete discussion of factors affecting the comparability of data. The 1954 and subsequent censuses were conducted by mail canvasses of all firms included in the active records of the Internal Revenue Service as subject to the payment of Federal Insurance Contributions Act (FICA) taxes and which were in appropriate kind-of-business classifications. Such data cover only firms with paid employees. The nonemployer segment was derived from a 50-percent sample of 1954, 1958, and 1963 tax returns. This procedure was modified for the 1967 census by the use of tax records instead of census returns for small employers, and the use of tax records for all nonemployers rather than for a 50-percent sample. The 1948 and earlier censuses were conducted by field enumeration. The differences in enumeration affect particularly the coverage of establishments without easily recognized places of business (e.g., nonstore retailers) and those leaving business prior to the end of the year. The data for the 1954 and subsequent censuses thus have better coverage in these areas. The 1933 and 1935 censuses were not taken under mandatory reporting requirements and may be subject to some underenumeration.

Dairies which processed milk and cream were included as retailers in 1948 and earlier years if the major portion of their sales was by route delivery to the homes of consumers. They were excluded in 1954 and later years.

Nonstore retailers are treated as a separate kind of business for 1954 and later years. For earlier years, such retailers (to the extent enumerated) were classified in their appropriate kind of business. For 1954, each leased department is treated as a separate establishment; for all other years, data for such departments were consolidated with the establishments in which they were located.

Two sets of data are shown for 1948. The data for 1948 (comparable with later years) represent retabulations of 1948 data to make them comparable with later years as to treatment of dairies, nonstore retailers, and cutoff points for tabulation. Similarly, two sets of data are shown for the number of persons engaged in retail establishments in 1939. The data for 1939 (comparable with later years) represent the sum of active proprietors and paid employees for the payroll period ended nearest November 15 and are comparable with

data for 1948 and later years. The figures for 1939 (comparable with earlier years) represent the number of active proprietors and the average number of employees for the year, and are comparable with data for 1935 and earlier years.

T 197-219.

Retail sales of stores of multiunit retail firms, by kind of business, 1929-1970.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (formerly Office of Business Economics), 1929-1938, unpublished data; 1939-1970, 1971 Business Statistics, p. 64, and unpublished data, except 1970 (new basis) and 1960 (old basis) from U.S. Bureau of the Census, Monthly Retail Trade Report, January 1961 and December 1971 issues. For 1929-1951, these series were originally designated as "Retail Sales of Chain Stores and Mail-Order Houses" and represent sales of firms with 4 or more retail stores. Data from the census of business for 1929, 1933, 1935, 1939, and 1948 were used as benchmarks. The intercensal estimates were based on sample groups of organizations with 4 or more stores.

For 1951-1970, the series are based on a sample of firms which operated 11 or more retail units in the most recently available census. Adjustments reflecting changes in industry classification, and in the firms to be included in the sample, were made for 1956 based on 1954 census results; for 1960 based on the 1958 census; for 1964 based on the 1963 census; and for 1970 based on the 1967 census.

Since no adjustments were made for entries and exits from the "11 or more" category between censuses, the data shown cannot be subtracted from total retail sales to obtain sales by organizations operating 10 or fewer stores.

T 220-224. Chains and chain stores, 1872-1928.

Source: U.S. Federal Trade Commission, Chain Stores: Growth and Development of Chain Stores (72d Congress, 1st session, Senate Document No. 100), p. 80.

Figures include chains of two or more stores reporting to the Federal Trade Commission or known to that agency. Grocery and meat chains have been combined with grocery chains. Ready-to-wear chains include men's ready-to-wear chains, women's ready-to-wear chains, and men's and women's ready-to-wear chains but not chains specializing in furnishings, accessories, millinery, and the like, nor dry goods chains whether carrying apparel or not. Data for each of the 26 lines of business shown in the total column are found in the source. The source publication also contains estimates of the number of chain outlets in different years but such data embody substantial estimating difficulties.

T 225-244. Retail trade margins, by kind of store, 1869-1947.

Source: Harold Barger, Distribution's Place in the American Economy Since 1869, National Bureau of Economic Research, Princeton University Press, 1955, pp. 57, 60, and 81 (copyright).

The retail margin estimates are shown as a percent of retail value of sales, and include both net profit and expenses of doing business. With regard to the reliability of the data, the source volume notes that "because of the extremely heterogeneous nature of the source material, it is not possible to offer any measures of dispersion within categories for the data." The source concludes, however, that we may "have some confidence that at least the larger differences reported... have a real existence."

T 245-271. Retail store sales, by kind of business, 1929-1970.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (formerly Office of Business Economics), 1929-1938, unpublished data; 1939-1946, 1969 Business Statistics, pp. 58-59; 1947-1967, 1971 Business Statistics, pp. 58-59; 1968-1970, Survey of Current Business, December issues.

Sales figures include multiunit stores. The classification of durable

goods stores and nondurable goods stores is based on the durability of the commodities accounting for a major portion of the sales of each kind-of-business group. Data from censuses of retail trade were used as benchmarks for annual 1929-1946 data. Estimates for intercensal years in this period were developed from sales tax collection data, special Internal Revenue Service compilations, business population trends, the Federal Reserve Board index of department store sales, and data from the Bureau of Public Roads and the American Petroleum Institute. Methods of compilation are described in 1969 Business Statistics, p. 58.

Data for 1946-1961 were based on a new method of estimating retail sales and are not comparable with those shown for prior years. Estimates of retail sales were developed from a sample representing all sizes of stores, firms, or organizations, and all kinds of retail business. These data were not linked to a census of retail trade as were the old, a factor that accounts for most of the difference between the levels of retail sales indicated by the old and new series for 1946. In 1957 the data were revised back to January 1951 to exclude milk dealers engaged in processing on the premises. (This change conforms with the treatment of such establishments as manufacturing plants in the 1954 Census of Business.) Data for 1961-1970 reflect a new sample design and classification changes resulting from the 1963 census. In addition, data by kind-of-business group were revised by shifting all "nonstore" establishments into the general merchandise group. Nonstore establishments (mail order, house-to-house, and vending machine businesses) were previously shown in such kind-ofbusiness groups as food, eating and drinking places, and furniture and appliance. The sampling procedure for the new series is described in 1971 Business Statistics.

T 272-273. Index of department store sales and stocks, 1919-1970. Source: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, unpublished data.

The index for sales is based on the average per trading day. The stocks index is the annual average of monthly data of end-of-month stocks.

T 274-371.

Wholesale establishments, sales, operating expenses, and persons engaged, by kind of business, 1929-1967. Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census. 1929, Fifteenth Census of the United States, 1930, Distribution, vol. II, Wholesale Distribution; 1933, Census of American Business: 1933, United States Summaries; 1935, Census of Business: 1935, Wholesale Distribution, part 1, vol. I, U.S Summary; 1939, Sixteenth Census of the United States, 1940, Census of Business, vol. II, Wholesale Trade: 1939; 1948, Census of Business: 1948, vol. IV, Wholesale Trade-General Statistics and Commodity Line Sales Statistics; 1954, Census of Business: 1954, vol. III, Wholesale Trade-Summary Statistics; 1958, Census of Business: 1958, vol. III, Wholesale Trade-Summary Statistics; 1963, Census of Business: 1963, vol. IV, Wholesale Trade-Summary Statistics, part 1; 1967, Census of Business: 1967, vol. III, Wholesale Trade-Subject Reports.

Data shown are for wholesale establishments, other than chain store warehouses. Adjustments have been made in the data prior to 1958 for certain years by Professors Charles S. Goodman and Reavis Cox (presently and formerly, respectively) of the Wharton School of Finance and Commerce, University of Pennsylvania, in order to attain maximum comparability.

Data for persons engaged represent the total of the reported number of active proprietors and employees for the week including March 12, for 1967; of active proprietors and employees for the payroll period nearest November 15, for 1948-1963; and of active proprietors plus the average annual number of full-time and part-time employees for 1939 and earlier years.

There have been numerous changes over the years in the definitions of kinds of business, scope of the census (especially size minimums for enumeration), enumeration methods, and completeness of data. The

statistics shown have been adjusted where possible to maintain maximum comparability over time. Significant changes are noted below. For treatment of lesser differences, see source publications.

The 1954 and later censuses were conducted by mail canvass. Report forms were mailed to all firms included in the active records of the Internal Revenue Service as subject to the payment of Federal Insurance Contributions Act (FICA) taxes and which were classified in appropriate kinds of business or were unclassified at the time the forms were mailed. Data for such censuses, therefore, omit all wholesalers who had no employees subject to FICA taxes. The 1948 and earlier censuses were conducted by field canvasses and were restricted to firms which operated from recognizable places of business, whether or not they had any employees subject to FICA taxes. The 1933 and 1935 censuses were not taken under mandatory reporting requirements and may therefore be subject to some underenumeration.

Data for 1954 and later years are for establishments with paid employees. The original 1948 tabulations include all establishments with sales of $5,000 or more irrespective of employment. For 1939, the corresponding cutoff point was $500. No mention of cutoff point is made in sources of data for years prior to 1939.

The figures for 1948 (comparable with later years) have been revised to reflect 1954 coverage and to incorporate certain changes in classification.

The figures for 1963 (comparable with later years) have been revised to reflect the scope of the 1967 Census of Business. Significant changes are (1) kinds of business data for 1967 are in accordance with the 1967 edition of the U.S. Office of Management and Budget (formerly Bureau of the Budget) Standard Industrial Classification Manual, whereas the 1963 data are in conformity with the 1957 edition and its supplements; (2) the number of paid employees in 1967 was obtained from administrative records of the Internal Revenue Service while, in 1963, all census information was obtained directly from the companies; and (3) the number of active proprietors for 1967 is based on crediting sole proprietorships with one proprietor and partnerships with two proprietors for firms with first quarter 1967 payroll; for 1963, on crediting proprietors similarly but for all sole proprietorships and partnerships operated at any time during 1963.

T 372-374. Sales of wholesale establishments, 1939-1962.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (formerly Office of Business Economics), 1939–1946, Survey of Current Business, October 1951, p. 24; 1946-1962, unpublished data (monthly averages published in 1963 Business Statistics, p. 22).

These estimates exclude sales of corporate manufacturers, sales branches and offices, and the marketing stations of petroleum refiners which are included in the manufacturing series of the former Office of Business Economics. Sales of agents and brokers are included here on the basis of actual receipts of the agents and brokers rather than on the total value of goods sold. For 1939–1946, data are based on 1948 Census of Business definitions and classifications. The 1939 census data have been recast to conform to the 1948 census. Data for 1946-1962 are based on definitions and classifications in the 1954 Census of Business, with the 1948 census data adjusted to the scope of the 1954 census.

T 375-383. Sales, stocks, and stock-sales ratios of merchant wholesalers, 1948-1970.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (formerly Office of Business Economics), 1971 Business Statistics, p. 23.

The estimates are confined to merchant wholesalers since information on other types of wholesalers is not available except for years when the census of wholesale trade was taken. The 1963 Census of Business (to which the merchant wholesale data conform for the period since 1959) indicated that merchant wholesalers accounted for 44 percent of the sales and 74 percent of the inventories of all wholesale establishments.

The data exclude manufacturers' sales branches and sales offices, petroleum bulk stations and terminals, agents and brokers, and assemblers of farm products.

Sales include sales of merchandise and receipts from repairs or other services to customers, after deduction of returns, allowances, and discounts; and sales of merchandise for others on a commission basis. Local and State sales taxes and Federal excise taxes are included. Inventories represent stocks, at cost, of merchandise on hand for sale at the end of the month; they do not include goods held on a consignment basis or such items as fixtures, equipment, and supplies not held for sale.

The stock-sales ratios for a given year are derived by dividing the weighted average of seasonally adjusted end-of-month inventories (using the 13 observations including the yearend figures for the given and previous year) by the monthly average sales for that year. No adjustments have been made to bring inventory book values, which are typically valued at the lower of cost or market, up to the level of selling prices.

Figures for 1948-1958 are based on samples selected from the 1948 and 1954 censuses of business, and were adjusted by the former Office of Business Economics to the level of the sample selected from the 1958 Census of Business and Social Security Administration lists of wholesalers since 1958. These estimates are extrapolations based on data collected by the Census Bureau in the past, compiled with different samples.

In February 1966 a revised sample was introduced which included over 17,000 firms drawn from 1963 Census of Business lists representing all wholesalers (with paid employees) in business in 1963, and Social Security Administration lists of wholesalers (with paid employees) entering business (or requesting new Employer Identification numbers) since 1963. The Office of Business Economics in cooperation with the Bureau of the Census applied ratios calculated from the overlapping data to the previous estimates for 1959 through 1965 to make them comparable with the 1966 figures.

T 384-390. Wholesale trade margins of independent wholesalers, 1869-1947.

Source: See source for series T 225-244, p. 84.

See text for series T 225-244 for definition of "margin" and statement regarding reliability of the data.

Independent or regular wholesalers are types of wholesalers handling finished goods or construction materials for eventual distribution through some kind of retail outlet. This category excludes other kinds of wholesalers, such as brokers, commission merchants, manufacturers' sale branches, and chain-store warehouses.

T 391-443. Selected service establishments and receipts, 1929-1967. Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census. 1929, unpublished data; 1933, Census of American Business: 1933, United States Summaries; 1935, Census of Business: 1935, Service Establishments, vol. I, U.S. Summary and Census of Business: 1935, Miscellaneous; 1939, Census of Business: 1939, vol. III, Service Establishments; 1948, Census of Business: 1948, vol. VI, Service Trade-General Statistics; 1954, Census of Business: 1954, vol. V, Selected Service Trades-Summary Statistics; 1958, Census of Business: 1958, vol. V, Selected ServicesSummary Statistics; 1963, Census of Business: 1963, vol. VI, Selected Services Summary Statistics; 1967, Census of Business: 1967, vol. V, Selected Services-Area Statistics, part 1.

Certain series have been combined for some years in order to provide as comparable historical series as possible. For some of the series, as noted below, data for some years were collected in other census programs. The series presented here cover that very limited segment of the services sector which bears greatest similarity to retail trade, specifically, personal, repair, and automotive services; hotels; and motels.

There have been numerous changes in enumeration methods, in accuracy, and in classifications over the years. The principal ones