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TABLE 53. Per cent of persons 10 years of age or over who read and per cent who read and write, by sex and general nativity and race of individual.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[This table includes only races with 40 or more persons reporting. The totals, however, are for all races.]

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Number reporting
complete data.

Per cent who read.

Per cent who read and write.

Male. Female. Total. Male. Female. Total. Male. Female. Total.

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Irish..

30

57

100.0

Grand total...

339

472

811 99.4

98.9

91.5 94.4 97.9 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 99.1

89.8 93.5

100.0 100.0

100.0 100.0

100.0 100.0

99.4

98.7

99.0

Total native-born of foreign

father.

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German.

The preceding table shows only a slight difference in the percentage of persons who can read and who can both read and write. In each instance the proportion of males is somewhat greater than that of females. Those native-born of foreign father show 100 per cent who are able to read, closely followed by those native-born of native father, while foreign-born show somewhat smaller proportions. The same order is preserved in showing persons who can both read and write. It should be noted that the foreign-born show a slightly higher percentage of males who can read than do the natives born of native father, and also slightly larger proportions of males who can both read and write than do the native-born of native father. Of the foreign-born races Armenians alone show less than 100 per cent of males and females in both classes.

The degree of literacy which prevails among persons of foreign birth after designated periods of residence in this country may be seen from the next table presented. This table shows, by years in the United States and race of individual, the percentage of foreign-born persons 10 years of age or over who read and the percentage who both read and write.

TABLE 54.-Per cent of foreign-born persons 10 years of age or over who read and per cent who read and write, by years in the United States and race of individual.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[By years in the United States is meant years since first arrival in the United States. This table includes only races with 40 or more persons reporting. The total, however, is for all foreign-born.]

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The preceding table shows that 94.7 per cent of the total number of persons reporting who have been in the United States under five years can read and write; 92.1 per cent with a residence of from five to nine years can read, while only 89.5 per cent who have been in this country from five to nine years can both read and write. All persons who have been in this country ten years or over are able to read and write.

The literacy of the foreign-born persons, according to their ages at the time of arrival in this country, is set forth in the table next presented. This table shows the percentage of foreign-born persons 10 years of age or over, in the households studied, who could read and the percentage who could both read and write, by race and age of individual at the time of coming to the United States.

TABLE 55.-Per cent of foreign-born persons 10 years of age or over who read and per cent who read and write, by age at time of coming to the United States and race of individual.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[This table includes only races with 40 or more persons reporting. The total, however, is for all foreign

born.]

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The above table shows the percentage of persons who were under 14 years of age at the time of coming to the United States who can read is somewhat higher than the percentage of person who were 14 years of age or over at the time of arriving in this country who can read. The percentage of persons who were under 14 years of age at the time of arrival who can both read and write is also higher than that of persons who were 14 years of age or over at the time of arrival. English, Germans, and Irish show 100 per cent who can both read and write for both age periods, while Armenians show a somewhat smaller proportion for each age period, the proportions under 14 years of age at the time of arrival in the United States, who can read only and who can both read and write, being somewhat larger than of those who were 14 years of age or over.

CONJUGAL CONDITION.

The conjugal condition of the employees of the collar and cuff industry is studied in the series of tabulations next submitted.

The first table presented shows, by sex and general nativity and race, the percentage of employees 20 years of age or over for whom information was secured, who were in each conjugal condition.

TABLE 56.-Per cent of employees 20 years of age or over in each conjugal condition, by sex and general nativity and race.

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[This table includes only races with 80 or more persons reporting. The totals, however, are for all races.]

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Of 1,088 persons employed in the manufacture of collars and cuffs, the preceding table shows that 63.9 per cent are single, 25.5 per cent married, and 10.7 per cent widowed.

Of the different nativity groups the foreign-born is the only one showing a larger proportion married than single. The proportion of foreign-born who are married is only slightly larger than the proportion who are single, however, while the proportion of each other nativity group who are single is decidedly larger than the proportion who are married. The foreign-born show the largest and the nativeborn of foreign father the smallest proportion who are widowed.

A comparison between the male and female employees shows that while a larger proportion of the former are married than single, the reverse is true to a slightly larger extent as regards the latter. larger proportion of the females than of the males are widowed.

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It should be noticed that the proportions of foreign-born females who are married and single are almost equal and that the proportion who are widowed is relatively high.

The table next presented further classifies the totals of the one immediately preceding and shows the percentage of employees for whom information was secured, who were in each conjugal condition, by sex, general nativity, and race and by age groups.

TABLE 57.-Per cent of employees in each congugal condition, by sex, age groups, and general nativity and race.

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[This table includes only races with 200 or more persons reporting. The totals, however, are for all races.]

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Of a total of 1,088 persons, male and female, who are 20 years of age or over, 63.9 per cent are single, 25.5 per cent are married, and 10.7 per cent are widowed. Among the males for whom information was secured the greatest proportion of married persons is found among those who are between 30 and 44 years of age. Of those who are 45 years of age or over 75 per cent are married and 18.8 per cent are

widowed; of those who are from 20 to 29 years of age, 38.7 per cent are married and none are widowed; while of those who are from 30 to 44 years of age 80.8 per cent are married and 5.8 per cent are widowed. Like the males, the females show the largest proportion of married persons among those who are from 30 to 44 years of age. Of the females who are 45 years of age or over, 27.1 per cent are married and 43.8 per cent are widowed; of those who are 30 to 44 years of age 31.2 per cent are married and 16.1 per cent are widowed; while of those who are from 20 to 29 years of age only 13.2 per cent are married, while 2.8 per cent are widowed.

The following table shows, by sex and by general nativity and race of individual, the percentage of persons 20 years of age or over in the households studied in each conjugal condition:

TABLE 58.—Per cent of persons 20 years of age or over in each conjugal condition, by sex and by general nativity and race of individual.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[This table includes only races with 40 or more persons reporting. The totals, however, are for all races.] MALE.

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