nativity groups are thus employed. Of the females who are nativeborn of foreign father, those of Irish parentage show by far the highest percentage in the collar and cuff industry, while those of German parentage show the highest percentage who are otherwise employed and who are at home and at school. No females who are native-born of foreign father are in domestic service. Of the foreign-born females, the Armenians show 75 per cent in the collar and cuff industry, as contrasted with 42.4 per cent of the Irish and 38.1 per cent of the German female employees who are thus employed. The German and Irish females show a very much higher percentage at home than the Armenian females, while the latter show 4.2 per cent at school, as compared with none of the German and Irish females at school. The German females show 4.8 per cent who are otherwise employed, while none of the Armenians and Irish females are otherwise employed. None of the foreign-born Armenian, German, or Irish females are in domestic service.

WEEKLY EARNINGS.

As regards the average weekly earnings and the range in weekly earning ability of employees, the following tables show, by general nativity, the number and percentage of male employees who were 18 years of age or over and who were earning each specified amount weekly:

TABLE 21.-Number of male employees 18 years of age or over earning each specified amount per week, by general nativity and race.* (STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

*This table shows wages or earnings for the period indicated, but no account is taken of voluntary lost time or lost time from shutdowns or other causes. In the various tables in this report showing annual earnings allowance is made for time lost during the year.

a Not computed, owing to small number involved.

TABLE 22.-Per cent of male employees 18 years of age or over earning each specified amount per week, by general nativity.*

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[The native-born of native father, white, are shown for comparative purposes.]

*This table shows wages or earnings for the period indicated, but no account is taken of voluntary lost time or lost time from shutdowns or other causes. In the various tables in this report showing annual earnings allowance is made for time fost during the year.

a Not computed, owing to small number involved."

The following table shows, by general nativity and race, the percentage of female employees 18 years of age or over who were earning each specified amount weekly.

TABLE 23.-Per cent of female employees 18 years of age or over earning each specified amount per week, by general nativity and race. *

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[This table includes only races with 80 or more females reporting. The totals, however, are for all races.]

This table shows wages or earnings for the period indicated, but no account is taken of voluntary lost time or lost time from shutdowns or other causes. In the various tables in this report showing annual earnings allowance is made for time lost during the year.

Of the 1,033 female employees, data for whom are entered in the foregoing table, less than 7 per cent earn under $5 per week and less than 1 per cent earn as much as $12.50 per week. The proportion earning $5 or over per week is 93.5 per cent, while 12.8 per cent earn $10 or over per week. When compared with the native-born of native father, the foreign-born show a larger proportion earning as much as $12.50. The Irish show a slightly larger proportion who earn $5 or over per week than do the native whites born of native father. In fact, in each specified group the proportion for the Irish of the second generation is larger than for the native-born whites, except in the wage group of $12.50 or over per week.

The following table shows, by general nativity, the percentage of female employees 14 and under 18 years of age earning each specified amount per week.

TABLE 24.-Per cent of female employees 14 and under 18 years of age earning each specified amount per week, by general nativity.

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

*

[Native-born of native father, white, are shown for comparative purposes.]

*This table shows wages or earnings for the period indicated, but no account is taken of voluntary lost time or lost time from shutdowns or other causes. In the various tables in this report showing annual earnings allowance is made for time lost during the year.

a Not computed, owing to small number involved.

Of 178 female employees 14 and under 18 years of age reporting, 98.3 per cent earn $2.50 or over per week, 51.1 per cent earn $5 or over, and 9 per cent earn $7.50 or over per week. The female employees who are native-born of foreign father show a slightly higher per cent than those who are native-born whites of native father earning each specified amount per week.

ANNUAL EARNINGS OF MALE HEADS OF FAMILIES STUDIED.

The annual earnings of male heads of families studied are next considered. The table first presented shows, by general nativity and race of individual, the number and percentage of husbands at work, together with their average annual earnings.

TABLE 25.-Husbands at work, by general nativity and race of individual.

From data secured from 237 selected families it was found that 98.9 per cent of husbands were at work and the average earnings were $662. Persons native-born of native father and native-born of foreign father show that all husbands in those groups are at work, while foreign-born show slightly smaller proportions. The average earnings of husbands who are native-born of native father are considerably higher than the average earnings of husbands who are native-born of foreign father, while foreign-born husbands show considerably lower average earnings than husbands who are nativeborn of foreign father. Of the foreign-born races the Irish alone report less than 100 per cent of husbands at work. German husbands report the highest average earnings, followed by English, Danish, and Irish-all of these races showing average earnings of over $600. Armenian husbands show only $400 average earnings of husbands at work.

The range in annual earnings of male heads of families is set forth in the following table, according to general nativity and race of individual:

TABLE 26.-Earnings per year of male heads of families, by general nativity and race of individual.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[This table includes only male heads of selected families. For selection of families, see p. 738.]

The preceding table shows the average yearly earnings of male heads of families to be $662. Households grouped as native-born of native father report the average earnings of male heads of families as $728, native-born of foreign father $696, and foreign-born $617. Foreign-born report a small proportion earning under $100 per year, while native-born of native father and native-born of foreign father report no males earning under this amount. Foreign-born also report the highest percentage earning under $200, followed by native-born

of native father, while native-born of foreign father report no heads of families earning under this amount. Foreign-born show a higher percentage earning under $400, under $600, under $800, and under $1,000 than native-born of native father. Native-born of foreign father report a higher percentage earning under $800 and under $1,000 than do households native-born of native father, while native-born of native father show a slightly greater proportion of male heads of families earning under $600 than native-born of foreign father. Of the foreign-born races, Armenians show 100 per cent earning under $1,000, Irish show somewhat smaller proportions, followed by English and Germans in the order named. Armenians also show a considerably higher percentage than the other races earning under each specified amount, Germans reporting the smallest proportion earning under $600 and English the smallest proportion of male heads of families earning under $800 per year.

ANNUAL EARNINGS OF MALES 18 YEARS OF AGE OR OVER IN THE HOUSEHOLDS STUDIED.

In the table next submitted the average and range of annual earnings of all males in the households studied who were 18 years of age or over are shown by general nativity and race of individual.

TABLE 27.- Yearly earnings (approximate) of males 18 years of age or over, by general nativity and race of individual.

The above table shows that of the total number of males working for wages 2 per cent earn under $200, 13.1 per cent earn under $400, 43 per cent earn under $600, and 94 per cent earn under $1,000. Foreign-born report the highest percentage earning under $200, native-born of native father follow with somewhat smaller proportions, while native-born of foreign father report no persons earning