COLLAR, CUFF, AND SHIRT MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY.

663

IMMIGRANTS IN INDUSTRIES.

COLLAR, CUFF, AND SHIRT MANUFACTURING.

This report, which was prepared under the direction of the Commission by W. Jett Lauck, superintendent of agents, forms part of the general report of the Immigration Commission on immigrants in industries.

CONTENTS.

Page.

665 665 666 666 667 669

671

674 675 676 676 676 677

679

681 682 683 684 686 688 689 690 691

CHAPTER I.-Introduction:

Growth of the industry..
Increase in the number of employees.
Territory studied..
Households studied.
members of households for whom detailed information was secured..

Employees for whom information was secured..
CHAPTER 11.-Racial displacements:

History of immigration....
Period of residence in the United States of foreign-born employees and

members of their households......
Racial classification of employees at the present time.
Reasons for employing immigrants..
Method of securing immigrant labor.
Progress of immigrants..

Discrimination....
CHAPTER III.-Economic status:

Industrial condition abroad of members of immigrant households studied..
Principal occupation of immigrant employees beiore coming to the United

States..
General occupation of males at the present time, in the households studied.
General occupation of women at the present time, in the households studied.
Weekly earnings..
Annual earnings of male heads of families studied..
Annual earnings of males 18 years of age or over in the households studied.
Annual earnings of females 18 years of age or over in the households studied.
Annual family income..
Wives at work...
Relation between the earnings of husbands and the practice of wives of

keeping boarders or lodgers.. Sources of family income..

Relative importance of the different sources of family income. CHAPTER IV.-Working conditions:

Regularity of employment....

The immigrant and organized labor.
CHAPTER 1.-Housing and living conditions:

Rent in its relation to standard of living.
Boarders and lodgers...
Size of apartments occupied.
Size of households studied.

(ongestion...
CHAPTER VI.-Salient characteristics:

Literacy.
Conjugal condition..
Visits abroad.....

Age classification of employees and members of their households.
CHAPTER VII.-General progress and assimilation:

Ownership of homes...
Status of children in the households studied.
Citizenship....

Ability to speak English...
General tables.....

General explanation of tables.
List of text tables..
List of general tables.

692 693 696

697 698

701 704 706 707 708

713 715 720 721

725 725 726 727

731 733 783 797

COLLAR, CUFF, AND SHIRT MANUFACTURING.

CHAPTER I.

INTRODUCTION.

Growth of the industry-Increase in the number of employees - Territory studied

Households studied-Members of households for whom detailed information was secured-Employees for whom information was secured—[Text Tables 1 to 7 and General Tables 1 to 3).

GROWTH OF THE INDUSTRY.

More than one-half of the capital engaged in the collar and cuff manufacturing industry at the present time is invested in the State of New York. This fact, together with the growth of the industry in that State and the country as a whole during the period 1880-1905, is set forth in the table below:

Table 1.-Growth of the collar, cuff, and shirt manufacturing industry in the State of

New York and in the United States, 1880-1905.

Compiled from l'nited States Census Reports, Manufactures, 1880-1905.)

The expansion in the collar and cuff industry, as shown in the preceding table, has been attended by a large demand for labor, which has been met principally by the employment of immigrants of recent and past years. The increase in the operating forces of the industry 18296° --VOL 11-11-43

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