not exceed $1,000, he shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than one year, or both. (June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 740; Oct. 31, 1951, ch. 655, § 24(b), 65 Stat. 720; Pub. L. 103–322, title XXXIII, §330016(1)(G), (K), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2147; Pub. L. 104-294, title VI, §606(a), Oct. 11, 1996, 110 Stat. 3511.) HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES Based on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., §171 (Mar. 4, 1909, ch. 321, § 85, 35 Stat. 1104). Words "or any department or agency" were inserted to eliminate any possible ambiguity as to scope of section. (See definitive section 6 of this title.) The punishment provided by section 171 of title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., of fine of not more than $500 or imprisonment of not more than 1 year, or both, was increased for offenses involving more than $100 to conform to Congressional policy reflected in later Acts. See section 4047(e)(1) of title 26, U.S.C., 1940 ed., Internal Revenue Code, and the punishment provision following paragraph (10) of said subsection. AMENDMENTS 1996-Pub. L. 104-294 substituted "$1,000" for "$100". 1994-Pub. L. 103-322 substituted "fined under this title" for "fined not more than $5,000" after "extortion, shall be" and for "fined not more than $500" after “he shall be". 1951-Act Oct. 31, 1951, changed punctuation to make section applicable not only to persons falsely representing themselves as Federal officers or employees at the time of extortion or the attempt thereof, but also to Federal officers and employees who attempt or commit extortion under color of office or employment. § 873. Blackmail Whoever, under a threat of informing, or as a consideration for not informing, against any violation of any law of the United States, demands or receives any money or other valuable thing, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than one year, or both. (June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 740; Pub. L. 103-322, title XXXIII, § 330016(1)(I), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2147.) HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES Based upon title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., § 250 (Mar. 4, 1909, ch. 321, § 145, 35 Stat. 1114). Only minor changes were made in phraseology. AMENDMENTS 1994-Pub. L. 103-322 substituted "fined under this title" for "fined not more than $2,000". § 874. Kickbacks from public works employees Whoever, by force, intimidation, or threat of procuring dismissal from employment, or by any other manner whatsoever induces any person employed in the construction, prosecution, completion or repair of any public building, public work, or building or work financed in whole or in part by loans or grants from the United States, to give up any part of the compensation to which he is entitled under his contract of employment, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than five years, or both. (June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 740; Pub. L. 103-322, title XXXIII, §330016(1)(K), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2147.) HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES Based on section 276b of title 40, U.S.C., 1940 ed., Public Buildings, Property, and Works (June 13, 1934, ch. 482, §1, 48 Stat. 948). Slight changes of phraseology were made. AMENDMENTS 1994-Pub. L. 103-322 substituted "fined under this title" for "fined not more than $5,000". SECTION REFERRED TO IN OTHER SECTIONS This section is referred to in title 29 section 1111; title 42 section 15921. § 875. Interstate communications (a) Whoever transmits in interstate or foreign commerce any communication containing any demand or request for a ransom or reward for the release of any kidnapped person, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than twenty years, or both. (b) Whoever, with intent to extort from any person, firm, association, or corporation, any money or other thing of value, transmits in interstate or foreign commerce any communication containing any threat to kidnap any person or any threat to injure the person of another, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than twenty years, or both. (c) Whoever transmits in interstate or foreign commerce any communication containing any threat to kidnap any person or any threat to injure the person of another, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than five years, or both. (d) Whoever, with intent to extort from any person, firm, association, or corporation, any money or other thing of value, transmits in interstate or foreign commerce any communication containing any threat to injure the property or reputation of the addressee or of another or the reputation of a deceased person or any threat to accuse the addressee or any other person of a crime, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than two years, or both. (June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 741; Pub. L. 99-646, $63, Nov. 10, 1986, 100 Stat. 3614; Pub. L. 103-322, title XXXIII, §330016(1)(G), (H), (K), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2147.) HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES Based on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., § 408d (May 18, 1934, ch. 300, 48 Stat. 781; May 15, 1939, ch. 133, §2, 53 Stat. 743). Provisions as to district of trial were omitted as covered by sections 3237 and 3239 of this title. Definition of "interstate commerce" was omitted in conformity with definitive section 10 of this title. Changes were made in phraseology and arrangement. AMENDMENTS 1994 Subsecs. (a), (b). Pub. L. 103-322, §330016(1)(K), substituted "fined under this title" for "fined not more than $5,000". i Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 103-322, §330016(1)(H), substituted "fined under this title" for "fined not more than $1,000". Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 103-322, §330016(1)(G), substituted "fined under this title" for "fined not more than $500". 1986-Pub. L. 99-646 inserted "or foreign" after "interstate" wherever appearing. SECTION REFERRED TO IN OTHER SECTIONS This section is referred to in section 1956 of this title; title 8 section 1101. § 876. Mailing threatening communications Whoever knowingly deposits in any post office or authorized depository for mail matter, to be sent or delivered by the Postal Service or knowingly causes to be delivered by the Postal Service according to the direction thereon, any communication, with or without a name or designating mark subscribed thereto, addressed to any other person, and containing any demand or request for ransom or reward for the release of any kidnapped person, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than twenty years, or both. Whoever, with intent to extort from any person any money or other thing of value, so deposits, or causes to be delivered, as aforesaid, any communication containing any threat to kidnap any person or any threat to injure the person of the addressee or of another, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than twenty years, or both. Whoever knowingly so deposits or causes to be delivered as aforesaid, any communication with or without a name or designating mark subscribed thereto, addressed to any other person and containing any threat to kidnap any person or any threat to injure the person of the addressee or of another, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than five years, or both. Whoever, with intent to extort from any person any money or other thing of value, knowingly so deposits or causes to be delivered, as aforesaid, any communication, with or without a name or designating mark subscribed thereto, addressed to any other person and containing any threat to injure the property or reputation of the addressee or of another, or the reputation of a deceased person, or any threat to accuse the addressee or any other person of a crime, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than two years, or both. (June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 741; Pub. L. 91-375, §6(j)(7), Aug. 12, 1970, 84 Stat. 777; Pub. L. 103-322, title XXXIII, §§ 330016(1)(G), (H), (K), 330021(2), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2147, 2150.) HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES Based on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., § 338a (July 8, 1932, ch. 464, §1, 47 Stat. 649; June 28, 1935, ch. 326, 49 Stat. 427; May 15, 1939, ch. 133, §1, 53 Stat. 742). Reference to persons causing or procuring was omitted as unnecessary in view of definition of "principal" in section 2 of this title. Provisions as to district of trial were omitted as covered by sections 3237 and 3239 of this title. Changes in phraseology and arrangement were made. AMENDMENTS 1994 Pub. L. 103-322, §330021(2), substituted "kidnapped" for "kidnaped" in first par. Pub. L. 103-322, §330016(1)(K), substituted "fined under this title" for "fined not more than $5,000 in first and second pars. Pub. L. 103-322, § 330016(1)(H), substituted "fined under this title" for "fined not more than $1,000" in third par. Pub. L. 103-322, § 330016(1)(G), substituted "fined under this title" for "fined not more than $500" in fourth par. 1970-Pub. L. 91-375 substituted "Postal Service" for "Post Office Department" in two places in first par. EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1970 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 91-375 effective within 1 year after Aug. 12, 1970, on date established therefor by Board of Governors of United States Postal Service and published by it in Federal Register, see section 15(a) of Pub. L. 91-375, set out as an Effective Date note preceding section 101 of Title 39, Postal Service. SECTION REFERRED TO IN OTHER SECTIONS This section is referred to in title 8 section 1101. § 877. Mailing threatening communications from foreign country Whoever knowingly deposits in any post office or authorized depository for mail matter of any foreign country any communication addressed to any person within the United States, for the purpose of having such communication delivered by the post office establishment of such foreign country to the Postal Service and by it delivered to such addressee in the United States, and as a result thereof such communication is delivered by the post office establishment of such foreign country to the Postal Service and by it delivered to the address to which it is directed in the United States, and containing any demand or request for ransom or reward for the release of any kidnapped person, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than twenty years, or both. Whoever, with intent to extort from any person any money or other thing of value, so deposits as aforesaid, any communication for the purpose aforesaid, containing any threat to kidnap any person or any threat to injure the person of the addressee or of another, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than twenty years, or both. Whoever knowingly so deposits as aforesaid, any communication, for the purpose aforesaid, containing any threat to kidnap any person or any threat to injure the person of the addressee or of another, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than five years, or both. Whoever, with intent to extort from any person any money or other thing of value, knowingly so deposits as aforesaid, any communication, for the purpose aforesaid, containing any threat to injure the property or reputation of the addressee or of another, or the reputation of a deceased person, or any threat to accuse the addressee or any other person of a crime, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than two years, or both. (June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 741; Pub. L. 91-375, §6(j)(8), Aug. 12, 1970, 84 Stat. 777; Pub. L. 103–322; title XXXIII, §§ 330016(1)(G), (H), (K), 330021(2), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2147, 2150.) HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES Based on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., § 338b (July 8, 1932, ch. 464, §2, 47 Stat. 649; May 15, 1939, ch. 133, §1, 53 Stat. 742). Reference to persons causing or procuring was omitted as unnecessary in view of definition of "principal" in section 2 of this title. Provisions as to district of trial were omitted as covered by sections 3237 and 3239 of this title. AMENDMENTS 1994 Pub. L. 103-322, $330021(2), substituted "kidnapped" for "kidnaped" in first par. Pub. L. 103-322, § 330016(1)(K), substituted "fined under this title" for "fined not more than $5,000" in first and second pars. Pub. L. 103-322, §330016(1)(H), substituted "fined under this title" for "fined not more than $1,000" in third par. Pub. L. 103-322, § 330016(1)(G), substituted "fined under this title" for "fined not more than $500" in fourth par. 1970-Pub. L. 91-375 substituted "Postal Service" for "Post Office Department of the United States" in two places in first par. EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1970 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 91-375 effective within 1 year after Aug. 12, 1970, on date established therefor by Board of Governors of United States Postal Service and published by it in Federal Register, see section 15(a) of Pub. L. 91-375, set out as an Effective Date note preceding section 101 of Title 39, Postal Service. SECTION REFERRED TO IN OTHER SECTIONS This section is referred to in title 8 section 1101. § 878. Threats and extortion against foreign officials, official guests, or internationally protected persons (a) Whoever knowingly and willfully threatens to violate section 112, 1116, or 1201 shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than five years, or both, except that imprisonment for a threatened assault shall not exceed three years. (b) Whoever in connection with any violation of subsection (a) or actual violation of section 112, 1116, or 1201 makes any extortionate demand shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than twenty years, or both. (c) For the purpose of this section "foreign official", "internationally protected person", "national of the United States", and "official guest" shall have the same meanings as those provided in section 1116(a) of this title. (d) If the victim of an offense under subsection (a) is an internationally protected person outside the United States, the United States may exercise jurisdiction over the offense if (1) the victim is a representative, officer, employee, or agent of the United States, (2) an offender is a national of the United States, or (3) an offender is afterwards found in the United States. As used in this subsection, the United States includes all areas under the jurisdiction of the United States including any of the places within the provisions of sections 5 and 7 of this title and section 46501(2) of title 49. (Added Pub. L. 94-467, §8, Oct. 8, 1976, 90 Stat. 2000; amended Pub. L. 95-163, §17(b)(1), Nov. 9, 1977, 91 Stat. 1286; Pub. L. 95-504, §2(b), Oct. 24, 1978, 92 Stat. 1705; Pub. L. 103-272, §5(e)(2), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1373; Pub. L. 103-322, title XXXIII, §330016(1)(K), (N), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2147, 2148; Pub. L. 104-132, title VII, §§ 705(a)(4), 721(e), Apr. 24, 1996, 110 Stat. 1295, 1299.) United States may exercise jurisdiction over the offense if the alleged offender is present within the United States, irrespective of the place where the offense was committed or the nationality of the victim or the alleged offender." 1994 Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 103-322, §330016(1)(K), substituted "fined under this title" for "fined not more than $5,000". Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 103-322, §330016(1)(N), substituted "fined under this title" for "fined not more than $20,000". Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 103-272 substituted "section 46501(2) of title 49" for "section 101(38) of the Federal Aviation Act of 1958, as amended (49 U.S.C. 1301(38))”. 1978 Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 95-504 substituted reference to section 101(38) of the Federal Aviation Act of 1958 for reference to section 101(35) of such Act. 1977-Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 95-163 substituted reference to section 101(35) of the Federal Aviation Act of 1958 for reference to section 101(34) of such Act. SECTION REFERRED TO IN OTHER SECTIONS This section is referred to in section 11 of this title. § 879. Threats against former Presidents and certain other persons (a) Whoever knowingly and willfully threatens to kill, kidnap, or inflict bodily harm upon (1) a former President or a member of the immediate family of a former President; (2) a member of the immediate family of the President, the President-elect, the Vice President, or the Vice President-elect; (3) a major candidate for the office of President or Vice President, or a member of the immediate family of such candidate; or (4) a person protected by the Secret Service under section 3056(a)(6); shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than 5 years, or both. (b) As used in this section (1) the term "immediate family" means (A) with respect to subsection (a)(1) of this section, the wife of a former President during his lifetime, the widow of a former President until her death or remarriage, and minor children of a former President until they reach sixteen years of age; and (B) with respect to subsection (a)(2) and (a)(3) of this section, a person to whom the President, President-elect, Vice President, Vice President-elect, or major candidate for the office of President or Vice President (i) is related by blood, marriage, or adoption; or (ii) stands in loco parentis; (2) the term "major candidate for the office of President or Vice President" means a candidate referred to in subsection (a)(7) of section 3056 of this title; and (3) the terms "President-elect" and "Vice President-elect" have the meanings given those terms in section 871(b) of this title. (Added Pub. L. 97-297, §1(a), Oct. 12, 1982, 96 Stat. 1317; amended Pub. L. 98-587, §3(a), Oct. 30, 1984, 98 Stat. 3111; Pub. L. 103-322, title XXXIII, § 330016(1)(H), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2147; Pub. L. 106-544, §2(a), (b)(1), Dec. 19, 2000, 114 Stat. 2715.) AMENDMENTS 2000-Pub. L. 106-544, §2(b)(1), struck out "protected by the Secret Service" after "other persons" in section catchline. Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 106-544, §2(a)(1)-(4), in par. (3), substituted "a member of the immediate family" for "the spouse", added par. (4), and, in concluding provisions, struck out "who is protected by the Secret Service as provided by law," before "shall be fined" and substituted "5 years" for "three years". Subsec. (b)(1)(B). Pub. L. 106-544, §2(a)(5), in introductory provisions, inserted "and (a)(3)" after "subsection (a)(2)" and substituted "Vice President-elect, or major candidate for the office of President or Vice President" for "or Vice President-elect". 1994 Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 103-322 substituted "fined under this title" for "fined not more than $1,000” in concluding provisions. 1984 Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 98-587 substituted "subsection (a)(7) of section 3056 of this title" for "the first section of the joint resolution entitled 'Joint resolution to authorize the United States Secret Service to furnish protection to major Presidential or Vice Presidential candidates', approved June 6, 1968 (18 U.S.C. 3056 note)". SECTION REFERRED TO IN OTHER SECTIONS This section is referred to in sections 115, 3056, 3486, 4247 of this title. § 880. Receiving the proceeds of extortion A person who receives, possesses, conceals, or disposes of any money or other property which was obtained from the commission of any offense under this chapter that is punishable by imprisonment for more than 1 year, knowing the same to have been unlawfully obtained, shall be imprisoned not more than 3 years, fined under this title, or both. (Added Pub. L. 103-322, title XXXII, § 320601(a)(1), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2115.) 1970-Pub. L. 91-452, title II, §223(b), Oct. 15, 1970, 84 Stat. 929, struck out item 895 "Immunity of witnesses". 1968 Pub. L. 90-321, title II, §202(a), May 29, 1968, 82 Stat. 159, added chapter 42 and items 891 to 896. § 891. Definitions and rules of construction For the purposes of this chapter: (1) To extend credit means to make or renew any loan, or to enter into any agreement, tacit or express, whereby the repayment or satisfaction of any debt or claim, whether acknowledged or disputed, valid or invalid, and however arising, may or will be deferred. (2) The term "creditor", with reference to any given extension of credit, refers to any person making that extension of credit, or to any person claiming by, under, or through any person making that extension of credit. (3) The term "debtor", with reference to any given extension of credit, refers to any person to whom that extension of credit is made, or to any person who guarantees the repayment of that extension of credit, or in any manner under takes to indemnify the creditor against loss resulting from the failure of any person to whom that extension of credit is made to repay the same. (4) The repayment of any extension of credit includes the repayment, satisfaction, or discharge in whole or in part of any debt or claim, acknowledged or disputed, valid or invalid, resulting from or in connection with that extension of credit. (5) To collect an extension of credit means to induce in any way any person to make repayment thereof. (6) An extortionate extension of credit is any extension of credit with respect to which it is the understanding of the creditor and the debtor at the time it is made that delay in making repayment or failure to make repayment could result in the use of violence or other criminal means to cause harm to the person, reputation, or property of any person. (7) An extortionate means is any means which involves the use, or an express or implicit threat of use, of violence or other criminal means to cause harm to the person, reputation, or property of any person. (8) The term "State" includes the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, and territories and possessions of the United States. (9) State law, including conflict of laws rules, governing the enforceability through civil judicial processes of repayment of any extension of credit or the performance of any promise given in consideration thereof shall be judicially noticed. This paragraph does not impair any authority which any court would otherwise have to take judicial notice of any matter of State law. (Added Pub. L. 90-321, title II, §202(a), May 29, 1968, 82 Stat. 160.) EFFECTIVE DATE Chapter effective May 29, 1968, see section 504(a) of Pub. L. 90-321. CONGRESSIONAL FINDINGS AND DECLARATION OF Section 201 of Pub. L. 90-321 provided that: "(1) Organized crime is interstate and international in character. Its activities involve many billions of dollars each year. It is directly responsible for murders, willful injuries to person and property, corruption of officials, and terrorization of countless citizens. A substantial part of the income of organized crime is generated by extortionate credit transactions. "(2) Extortionate credit transactions are characterized by the use, or the express or implicit threat of the use, of violence or other criminal means to cause harm to person, reputation, or property as a means of enforcing repayment. Among the factors which have rendered past efforts at prosecution almost wholly ineffective has been the existence of exclusionary rules of evidence stricter than necessary for the protection of constitutional rights. *(3) Extortionate credit transactions are carried on to a substantial extent in interstate and foreign commerce and through the means and instrumentalities of such commerce. Even where extortionate credit transactions are purely intrastate in character, they nevertheless directly affect interstate and foreign commerce. "(4) Extortionate credit transactions directly impair the effectiveness and frustrate the purposes of the laws enacted by the Congress on the subject of bankruptcies. "(b) On the basis of the findings stated in subsection (a) of this section, the Congress determines that the provisions of chapter 42 of title 18 of the United States Code are necessary and proper for the purpose of carrying into execution the powers of Congress to regulate commerce and to establish uniform and effective laws on the subject of bankruptcy." ANNUAL REPORT TO CONGRESS BY ATTORNEY GENERAL Section 203 of Pub. L. 90-321 directed Attorney General to make an annual report to Congress of activities of Department of Justice in enforcement of this chapter, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 97-375, title I, §109(b), Dec. 21, 1982, 96 Stat. 1820. SECTION REFERRED TO IN OTHER SECTIONS This section is referred to in section 1961 of this title. § 892. Making extortionate extensions of credit (a) Whoever makes any extortionate extension of credit, or conspires to do so, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than 20 years, or both. (b) In any prosecution under this section, if it is shown that all of the following factors were present in connection with the extension of credit in question, there is prima facie evidence that the extension of credit was extortionate, but this subsection is nonexclusive and in no way limits the effect or applicability of subsection (a): (1) The repayment of the extension of credit, or the performance of any promise given in consideration thereof, would be unenforceable, through civil judicial processes against the debtor (A) in the jurisdiction within which the debtor, if a natural person, resided or (B) in every jurisdiction within which the debtor, if other than a natural person, was incorporated or qualified to do business at the time the extension of credit was made. (2) The extension of credit was made at a rate of interest in excess of an annual rate of 45 per centum calculated according to the actuarial method of allocating payments made on a debt between principal and interest, pursuant to which a payment is applied first to the accumulated interest and the balance is applied to the unpaid principal. (3) At the time the extension of credit was made, the debtor reasonably believed that either (A) one or more extensions of credit by the creditor had been collected or attempted to be collected by extortionate means, or the nonrepayment thereof had been punished by extortionate means; or (B) the creditor had a reputation for the use of extortionate means to collect extensions of credit or to punish the nonrepayment thereof. (4) Upon the making of the extension of credit, the total of the extensions of credit by the creditor to the debtor then outstanding, including any unpaid interest interest or similar charges, exceeded $100. (c) In any prosecution under this section, if evidence has been introduced tending to show the existence of any of the circumstances described in subsection (b)(1) or (b)(2), and direct evidence of the actual belief of the debtor as to the creditor's collection practices is not available, then for the purpose of showing the understanding of the debtor and the creditor at the time the extension of credit was made, the court may in its discretion allow evidence to be introduced tending to show the reputation as to collection practices of the creditor in any community of which the debtor was a member at the time of the extension. (Added Pub. L. 90-321, title II, §202(a), May 29, 1968, 82 Stat. 160; amended Pub. L. 103-322, title XXXIII, §330016(1)(L), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2147.) AMENDMENTS 1994 Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 103-322 substituted "fined under this title" for "fined not more than $10,000". SECTION REFERRED TO IN OTHER SECTIONS This section is referred to in sections 894, 1961, 2516 of this title. § 893. Financing extortionate extensions of credit Whoever willfully advances money or property, whether as a gift, as a loan, as an investment, pursuant to a partnership or profit-sharing agreement, or otherwise, to any person, with reasonable grounds to believe that it is the intention of that person to use the money or property so advanced directly or indirectly for the purpose of making extortionate extensions of credit, shall be fined under this title or an amount not exceeding twice the value of the money or property so advanced, whichever is greater, or shall be imprisoned not more than 20 years, or both. (Added Pub. L. 90-321, title II, §202(a), May 29, 1968, 82 Stat. 161; amended Pub. L. 103-322, title XXXIII, §330016(1)(L), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2147.) AMENDMENTS 1994-Pub. L. 103-322 substituted "fined under this title" for "fined not more than $10,000". SECTION REFERRED TO IN OTHER SECTIONS This section is referred to in sections 1961, 2516 of this title. § 894. Collection of extensions of credit by extortionate means (a) Whoever knowingly participates in any way, or conspires to do so, in the use of any extortionate means (1) to collect or attempt to collect any extension of credit, or (2) to punish any person for the nonrepayment thereof, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than 20 years, or both. (b) In any prosecution under this section, for the purpose of showing an implicit threat as a means of collection, evidence may be introduced tending to show that one or more extensions of credit by the creditor were, to the knowledge of the person against whom the implicit threat was alleged to have been made, collected or at |