CHAPTER XI.

THE MORAL RESPONSIBILITY OF PARENTS IN

HEREDITY.

The Duty of the Present to Future Generations.— Darwin on Heredity.-Nature Inexorable.-The Mother's Investment of Moulding Power.-The Father's Important Part in the Transmission of Heredity. The Parents Workers Together with God.-Parents must Reap What They Sow.The Law and the Gospel of Heredity Contrasted. -The Children of Inebriates and Others.-Lessons from Reformatory Institutions.-The Outcast Margaret.-The Mother of Samson.-How a Child Became an Embodiment of " The Lady of the Lake." The Woman Who Desired to be the Mother of Governors.-Importance of this Study.

"Often do the spirits of great events stride on before

the events,

And in to-day already walks to-morrow."

"It is not just as we take it,

This mystical life of ours,

Life's harvest will yield as we make it
A harvest of thorns or of flowers."

"Instead of thy fathers shall be thy children, whom thou mayest make princes in all the earth."

FRANCIS GALTON says: "I conclude that each generation has enormous powers over the natural gifts of those that follow, and maintain that it is a duty that we owe to humanity to investigate the range of that power, and to exercise it in a way that, without being unwise toward ourselves, shall be most advantageous to the future inhabitants of the earth."

Mr. Darwin maintains in his theory of pangenesis, that the gemmules of innumerable qualities, derived from ancestral sources, circulate in the blood and propagate themselves generation after generation still in the state of gemmules, but fail in developing themselves into cells, because other antagonistic gemmules are prepotent and overmaster them, in the struggle for points of attachment. Hence there is a vastly larger number of capabilities in every human being than ever find expression, and for every patent element there are countless latent ones. The character of a man is wholly formed through these gemmules that have succeeded in attaching themselves, the remainder that have been overpowered by their antagonists count for nothing.

Again he says, "The average proportion of gemmules modified by individual varia

tion under various conditions preceding birth clearly admits of being determined by observation, for the children will in the average, inherit the gemmules in the same proportion that they existed in their parents. It follows that the human race has a large control over its future forms of activity, far more than an individual has over his own; since the freedom of individuals is narrowly restricted by the cost in energy of exercising their wills."

We might go on indefinitely making quotations from undisputed authorities on this great science of heredity, for to-day it has become almost an exact science. In view of this the exclamation of a writer in the Science

of Health is very pertinent. "Who shall

deliver us from our ancestors? And if the fathers have eaten sour grapes, who on earth shall prevent the children's teeth being set on edge? Not nature. She is inexorable. An eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth, is her law. But between the unbroken law and its entailed consequences stands the mother, invested with a power which makes her either a Nemesis or a redeemer. This is the unwritten law in every mother's heart, and I believe that in all the ages there have been women who have hearkened unto its voice.

The son that Hannah prayed so earnestly for, and gave unto the Lord before his birth, inherited a soul that had been to school before it drew its first breath. Slaves suckle slaves; pure and enthusiastic women bring forth saints and heroes. All history attests the fact that great men had great mothers."

That both in the law and the gospel of heredity, of the two parents, the mother has a far greater influence we believe firmly; yet this does not relieve the father from responsibility. The germ from him, which is "bone of his bone, flesh of his flesh," contributed to the formation of the child in its beginning, must be of high nature and cultivation, seed from a noble sire, or the little life is dwarfed from the outset, and the mother must expend much precious time and strength in making good the terrible deficiencies which such a beginning entails, and then mourn that so much can never be overcome.

What our children become depends upon two conditions; what they are at birth, and what environment makes them. That the parents may make of their children almost what they will, that they are in a peculiar sense, workers together with God in the creative and formative periods, that they may by self-culture and painstaking reproduce a

generation superior to themselves, are all truths big with responsibility and meaning.

That we reap what we sow, is an inevitable law in the mental and moral as in the physical sphere. While there is this great and awful law, I am so thankful that we can emphasize the far greater and wider reaching gospel of heredity. Into this we can put all the sweet promises whose fulfillment is sure -if we are ever reaching up to the higher and nobler aspirations of our nature, and not degenerating to the lower tastes and inclinations.

For the law, we have, "visiting the iniquities of the fathers upon the children unto the third and fourth generation." For the gospel, "And showing mercy unto thousands of (generations) of them that love Me and keep My commandments."

For the law, "The fathers have eaten sour grapes and the children's teeth are set on edge." For law and gospel both, "As is the mother so is her daughter."

For gospel, "Instead of thy fathers shall be thy children whom thou mayest make princes in all the earth." For law, the sad history of the children of inebriates, of tobacco users and of the insane; also the history of many children born in polygamous