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authorized to institute in the proper court and to prosecute under the direction of the Attorney General all necessary proceedings for the enforcement of the provisions of this chapter or any rule, regulation, requirement, or order thereunder, or any term, condition, or limitation of any certificate or permit, and for the punishment of all violations thereof, and the costs and expenses of such prosecutions shall be paid out of the appropriations for the expenses of the courts of the United States. (Pub. L. 85-726, title X, § 1007, Aug. 23, 1958, 72 Stat. 796.)

EFFECTIVE Date

Section effective on the 60th day following the date on which the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Agency [now the Federal Aviation Administration] first appointed under this chapter qualifies and takes office, see section 1505(2) of Pub. L. 85-726, set out as a note under section 1301 of this title. The Administrator was appointed, qualified, and took office on Oct. 31, 1958. TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS

All functions, powers, and duties of the Federal Aviation Agency and of the Administrator and other offices and officers thereof, and all functions, powers, and duties of the Civil Aeronautics Board and of the Chairman, members, offices, and officers thereof under subchapters VI and VII of this chapter were transferred to and vested in the Secretary of Transportation by Pub. L. 89-670, Oct. 15, 1966, 80 Stat. 931, which created the Department of Transportation, with specified functions relating to aviation safety to be exercised by the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration. See sections 1655 (c), (d), and 1657 (f), (g) of this title.

§ 1488. Participation by Board or Administrator in court proceedings.

Upon request of the Attorney General, the Board or Administrator, as the case may be, shall have the right to participate in any proceeding in court under the provisions of this chapter. (Pub. L. 85-726, title X, § 1008, Aug. 23, 1958, 72 Stat. 796.)

EFFECTIVE Date

Section effective on the 60th day following the date on which the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Agency [now the Federal Aviation Administration] first appointed under this chapter qualifies and takes office, see section 1505(2) of Pub. L. 85-726, set out as a note under section 1301 of this title. The Administrator was appointed, qualified, and took office on Oct. 31, 1958. TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS

All functions, powers, and duties of the Federal Aviation Agency and of the Administrator and other offices and officers thereof, and all functions, powers, and duties of the Civil Aeronautics Board and of the Chairman, members, offices, and officers thereof under subchapters VI and VII of this chapter were transferred to and vested in the Secretary of Transportation by Pub. L. 89-670, Oct. 15, 1966, 80 Stat. 931, which created the Department of Transportation, with specified functions relating to aviation safety to be exercised by the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration. See sections 1655 (c), (d), and 1657 (f), (g) of this title.

§ 1489. Joinder of parties; intervention.

In any proceeding for the enforcement of the provisions of this chapter, or any rule, regulation, requirement, or order thereunder, or any term, condition, or limitation of any certificate or permit, whether such proceedings be instituted before the Board or be begun originally in any court of the United States, it shall be lawful to include as parties, or to permit the intervention of, all persons interested in or affected by the matter under con

sideration; and inquiries, investigations, orders, and decrees may be made with reference to all such parties in the same manner, to the same extent, and subject to the same provisions of law as they may be made with respect to the persons primarily concerned. (Pub. L. 85-726, title X, § 1009, Aug. 23, 1958, 72 Stat. 796.)

EFFECTIVE DATE

Section effective on the 60th day following the date on which the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Agency [now the Federal Aviation Administration] first appointed under this chapter qualifiies and takes office, see section 1505(2) of Pub. L. 85-726, set out as a note under section 1301 of this title. The Administrator was appointed, qualified, and took office on Oct. 31, 1958.

TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS

All functions, powers, and duties of the Federal Aviation Agency and of the Administrator and other offices and officers thereof, and all functions, powers and duties of the Civil Aeronautics Board and of the Chairman, members, offices, and officers thereof under subchapters VI and VII of this chapter were transferred to and vested in the Secretary of Transportation by Pub. L. 89-670, Oct. 15, 1966, 80 Stat. 931, which created the Department of Transportation, with specified functions relating to aviation safety to be exercised by the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration. See sections 1655 (c), (d), and 1657 (f), (g) of this title.

SUBCHAPTER XI.-MISCELLANEOUS

§ 1501. Hazards to air commerce.

The Administrator shall, by rules and regulations, or by order where necessary, require all persons to give adequate public notice, in the form and manner prescribed by the Administrator, of the construction or alteration, or of the proposed construction or alteration, of any structure where notice will promote safety in air commerce. (Pub. L. 85726, title XI, § 1101, Aug. 23, 1958, 72 Stat. 797.)

EFFECTIVE DATE

Section effective on the 60th day following the date on which the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Agency [now the Federal Aviation Administration] first appointed under this chapter qualifies and takes office, see section 1505(2) of Pub. L. 85-726, set out as a note under section 1301 of this title. The Administrator was appointed, qualified, and took office on Oct. 31, 1958.

TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS

All functions, powers and duties of the Federal Aviation Agency and of the Administrator and other offices and officers thereof, and all functions, powers, and duties of the Civil Aeronautics Board and of the Chairman, members, offices, and officers thereof under subchapters VI and VII of this chapter were transferred to and vested in the Secretary of Transportation by Pub. L. 89-670, Oct. 15, 1966, 80 Stat. 931, which created the Department of Transportation, with specified functions relating to aviation safety to be exercised by the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration. See sections 1655 (c), (d), and 1657 (f), (g) of this title.

§ 1502. International agreements.

In exercising and performing their powers and duties under this chapter, the Board and the Secretary of Transportation shall do so consistently with any obligation assumed by the United States in any treaty, convention, or agreement that may be in force between the United States and any foreign country or foreign countries, and shall take into consideration any applicable laws and requirements of foreign countries and the Board shall not, in exercising and performing its powers and duties with respect

EFFECTIVE DATE Section effective on the 60th day following the date on which the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Agency [now the Federal Aviation Administration] first appointed under this chapter qualifies and takes office, see section 1505(2) of Pub. L. 85-726, set out as a note under section 1301 of this title. The Administrator was appointed, qualified, and took office on Oct. 31, 1958.

TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS

All functions, powers, and duties of the Secretary of Commerce and other offices and officers of the Department of Commerce under this section relating generally to aircraft were transferred to and vested in the Secretary of Transportation by Pub. L. 89-670, Oct. 15, 1966, 80 Stat. 931, which created the Department of Transportation. See section 1655 (a) (3) (c) of this title.

SECTION REFERRED TO IN OTHER SECTIONS

This section is referred to in section 1533 of this title.

§ 1533. Persons, property, and interests insurable.

The Secretary may provide the insurance and reinsurance, authorized by section 1532 of this title with respect to the following persons, property, or interest:

(a) American aircraft, and those foreign-flag aircraft engaged in aircraft operations deemed by the Secretary to be in the interest of the national defense or the national economy of the United States, when so engaged.

(b) Cargoes transported or to be transported on any such aircraft, including shipments by express or registered mail; air cargoes owned by citizens or residents of the United States, its Territories, or possessions; air cargoes imported to, or exported from, the United States, its Territories, or possessions and air cargoes sold, or purchased by citizens or residents of the United States, its Territories, or possessions, under contracts of sale or purchase by the terms of which the risk of loss by war risks or the obligation to provide insurance against such risks is assumed by or falls upon a citizen or resident of the United States, its Territories, or possessions; air cargoes transported between any point in the United States and any point in a Territory or possession of the United States, between any point in any such Territory or possession and any point in any other such Territory or possession, or between any point in any such Territory or possession and any other point in the same Territory or possession.

(c) The personal effects and baggage of the captains, pilots, officers, members of the crews of such aircraft, and of other persons employed or transported on such aircraft.

(d) Captains, pilots, officers, members of the crews of such aircraft, and other persons employed or transported thereon against loss of life, injury, or detention.

(e) Statutory or contractual obligations or other liabilities of such aircraft or of the owner or operator of such aircraft of the nature customarily covered by insurance. (Pub. L. 85-726, title XIII, § 1303, Aug. 23, 1958, 72 Stat. 801.)

EFFECTIVE DATE

Section effective on the 60th day following the date on which the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Agency [now the Federal Aviation Administration] first appointed under this chapter qualifies and takes office,

see section 1505(2) of Pub. L. 85-726, set out as a note under section 1301 of this title. The Administrator was appointed, qualified, and took office on Oct. 31, 1958.

TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS

All functions, powers, and duties of the Secretary of Commerce and other offices and officers of the Department of Commerce under this section relating generally to aircraft were transferred to and vested in the Secretary of Transportation by Pub. L. 89-670, Oct. 15, 1966, 80 Stat. 931, which created the Department of Transportation. See section 1655 (a) (3) (c) of this title.

§ 1534. Insurance of property of Government departments and agencies; indemnity agreements.

(a) Any department or agency of the United States may, with the approval of the President, procure from the Secretary any of the insurance provided under this subchapter, except with respect to valuables covered by sections 721 and 722 of Title 40.

(b) The Secretary is authorized with such approval to provide such insurance at the request of the Secretary of Defense, and such other agencies as the President may prescribe, without premium in consideration of the agreement of the Secretary of Defense or such agency to indemnify the Secretary against all losses covered by such insurance, and the Secretary of Defense and such other agencies are authorized to execute such indemnity agreement with the Secretary. (Pub. L. 85-726, title XIII, § 1304, Aug. 23, 1958, 72 Stat. 802.) EFFECTIVE DATE

Section effective on the 60th day following the date on which the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Agency [now the Federal Aviation Administration] first appointed under this chapter qualifies and takes office, see section 1505(2) of Pub. L. 85-726, set out as a note under section 1301 of this title. The Administrator was appointed, qualified, and took office on Oct. 31, 1958.

TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS

All functions, powers, and duties of the Secretary of Commerce and other offices and officers of the Department of Commerce under this section relating generally to aircraft were transferred to and vested in the Secretary of Transportation by Pub. L. 89-670, Oct. 15, 1966, 80 Stat. 931, which created the Department of Transportation. See section 1655 (a) (3) (c) of this title.

§ 1535. Reinsurance; rates; allowances to insurance

carriers.

(a) To the extent that he is authorized by this subchapter to provide insurance, the Secretary may reinsure, in whole or in part, any company authorized to do an insurance business in any State of the United States. The Secretary may reinsure with, or cede or retrocede to, any such company, any insurance or reinsurance provided by the Secretary in accordance with the provisions of this subchapter.

(b) Reinsurance shall not be provided by the Secretary at rates less than nor obtained by the Secretary at rates more than the rates established by the Secretary on the same or similar risks or the rates charged by the insurance carrier for the insurance so reinsured, whichever is most advantageous to the Secretary, except that the Secretary may make to the insurance carrier such allowances for expenses on account of the cost of services rendered or facilities furnished as he deems reasonably to accord with good business practice, but such

allowance to the carrier shall not provide for any payment by the carrier on account of solicitation for or stimulation of insurance business. (Pub. L. 85-726, title XIII, § 1305, Aug. 23, 1958, 72 Stat. 802.)

EFFECTIVE DATE

Section effective on the 60th day following the date on which the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Agency [now the Federal Aviation Administration] first appointed under this chapter qualifies and takes office, see section 1505(2) of Pub. L. 85-726, set out as a note under section 1301 of this title. The Administrator was appointed, qualified, and took office on Oct. 31, 1958.

TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS

All functions, powers, and duties of the Secretary of Commerce and other offices and officers of the Department of Commerce under this section relating generally to aircraft were transferred to and vested in the Secretary of Transportation by Pub. L. 89-670, Oct. 15, 1966, 80 Stat. 931, which created the Department of Transportation. See section 1655 (a) (3) (c) of this title.

SECTION REFERRED TO IN OTHER SECTIONS

This section is referred to in section 1531 of this title.

§ 1536. Insurance fund.

(a) Creation of revolving fund; payments from fund. Moneys appropriated by Congress to carry out the provisions of this subchapter and all moneys received from premiums, salvage, or other recoveries and all receipts in connection with this subchapter shall be deposited in a revolving fund in the Treasury of the United States. Payments of return premiums, losses, settlements, judgments, and all liabilities incurred by the United States under this subchapter shall be made from such funds through the disbursing facilities of the Treasury Department. (b) Appropriations.

Such sums as shall be necessary to carry out the provisions of this subchapter are authorized to be appropriated to such fund.

(c) Payment of surplus into Treasury.

At least annually, any balance in the revolving fund in excess of an amount determined by the Secretary to be necessary for the requirements of the fund, and for reasonable reserves to maintain the solvency of the fund shall be paid into the Treasury as miscellaneous receipts.

(d) Annual payments to Treasury as miscellaneous receipts.

Annual payments shall be made by the Secretary to the Treasury of the United States as miscellaneous receipts by reason of costs incurred by the Government through the employment of appropriated funds by the Secretary in carrying out the provisions of this subchapter. These payments shall be computed by applying to the average monthly balance of appropriated funds retained in the revolving fund a percentage determined annually in advance by the Secretary of the Treasury. Such percentage shall not be less than the current average rate which the Treasury pays on its marketable obligations.

(e) Contributions to Civil Service Retirement and Disability Fund and employees' compensation fund; annual billings.

The Secretary shall contribute to the Civil Service Retirement and Disability Fund, on the basis of annual billings as determined by the Civil Service

Commission, for the Government's share of the cost of the Civil Service Retirement System applicable to the employees engaged in carrying out the provisions of this subchapter. The Secretary shall also contribute to the employees' compensation fund, on the basis of annual billings as determined by the Secretary of Labor for the benefit payments made from such fund on account of the employees engaged in carrying out the provisions of this subchapter. The annual billings shall also include a statement of the fair portion of the cost of the administration of the respective funds, which shall be paid by the Secretary into the Treasury as miscellaneous receipts. (Pub. L. 85-726, title XIII, § 1306, Aug. 23, 1958, 72 Stat. 803.)

EFFECTIVE DATE

Section effective on the 60th day following the date on which the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Agency [now the Federal Aviation Administration] first appointed under this chapter qualifies and takes office, see section 1505(2) of Pub. L. 85-726, set out as a note under section 1301 of this title. The Administrator was appointed, qualified, and took office on Oct. 31, 1958.

TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS

All functions, powers, and duties of the Secretary of Commerce and other offices and officers of the Department of Commerce under this section relating generally to aircraft were transferred to and vested in the Secretary of Transportation by Pub. L. 89-670, Oct. 15, 1966, 80 Stat. 931, which created the Department of Transportation. See section 1655 (a) (3) (c) of this title.

§ 1537. Administrative provisions.

(a) Issuance of policies; rules and regulations; settlement of claims.

The Secretary, in the administration of this subchapter, may issue such policies, rules, and regulations as he deems proper and, subject to the following provisions of this subsection, may adjust and pay losses, compromise and settle claims, whether in favor of or against the United States and pay the amount of any judgment rendered against the United States in any suit, or the amount of any settlement agreed upon, in respect of any claim under insurance authorized by this subchapter. In the case of any aircraft which is insured under the provisions of this subchapter, (1) the policy shall specify a stated amount to be paid in the event of total loss, and such stated amount shall not exceed an amount determined by the Secretary, after consultation with the Civil Aeronautics Board, to represent the fair and reasonable value of the aircraft, and (2) the amount of any claim which is compromised, settled, adjusted, or paid shall in no event exceed such stated amount.

(b) Forms and policies; rates.

The Secretary may prescribe and change forms and policies, and fix, adjust, and change the amounts insured and rates of premium provided for in this subchapter: Provided, That with respect to policies in effect at the time any such change is made, such change shall apply only with the consent of the insured.

(c) Commercial practice controlling; limitation on fees.

The Secretary, in administering this subchapter, may exercise his powers, perform his duties and

functions, and make his expenditures, in accordance with commercial practice in the aviation insurance business. Except as authorized in subsection (d) of this section, no insurance broker or other person acting in a similar intermediary capacity shall be paid any fee or other consideration by the Secretary by virtue of his participation in arranging any insurance wherein the Secretary directly insures any of the risk thereof.

(d) Underwriting agents.

The Secretary may, and whenever he finds it practical to do so shall, employ companies or groups of companies authorized to do an aviation insurance business in any State of the United States, to act as his underwriting agent. The Secretary may allow such companies or groups of companies fair and reasonable compensation for servicing insurance written by such companies or groups of companies as underwriting agent for the Secretary. The services of such underwriting agents may be utilized in the adjustment of claims under insurance provided by this subchapter, but no claim shall be paid unless and until it has been approved by the Secretary. Such compensation may include an allowance for expenses reasonably incurred by such agent, but such allowance shall not include any payment by such agent on account of solicitation for or stimulation of insurance business.

(e) Utilization of services of other Government agencies.

The Secretary with the consent of any executive department, independent establishment, or other agency of the Government, including any field service thereof, may avail himself of the use of information, services, facilities, officers, and employees thereof in carrying out the provisions of this subchapter.

(f) Budget program; maintenance of integral set of accounts; audit; credit for certain expenditures. The Secretary, in the performance of, and with respect to, the functions, powers, and duties vested in him by this subchapter, shall prepare annually and submit a budget program as provided for wholly owned Government corporations by the Government Corporation Control Act, as amended. The Secretary shall maintain an integral set of accounts which shall be audited annually by the General Accounting Office in accordance with principles and procedures applicable to commercial transactions as provided by the said Government Corporation Control Act: Provided, That, because of the business activities authorized by this subchapter, the Secretary may exercise the powers conferred in said subchapter, perform the duties and functions, and make expenditures required in accordance with commercial practice in the aviation insurance business, and the General Accounting Office shall allow credit for such expenditures when shown to be necessary because of the nature of such authorized activities. (Pub. L. 85-726, title XIII, § 1307, Aug. 23, 1958, 72 Stat. 803.)

REFERENCES IN TEXT

The Government Corporation Control Act, referred to in subsec. (f), is classified to chapter 14 of Title 31, Money and Finance.

EFFECTIVE DATE

Section effective on the 60th day following the date on which the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Agency [now the Federal Aviation Administration] first appointed under this chapter qualifies and takes office, see section 1505(2) of Pub. L. 85-726, set out as a note under section 1301 of this title. The Administrator was appointed, qualified, and took office on Oct. 31, 1958.

TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS

All functions, powers, and duties of the Secretary of Commerce and other offices and officers of the Department of Commerce under this section relating generally to aircraft were transferred to and vested in the Secretary of Transportation by Pub. L. 89-670, Oct. 15, 1966, 80 Stat. 931, which created the Department of Transportation. See section 1655(a) (3) (c) of this title.

SECTION REFERRED TO IN OTHER SECTIONS

This section is referred to in section 1531 of this title.

§ 1538. Rights of airmen under existing law.

This subchapter shall not affect rights of airmen under existing law. (Pub. L. 85-726, title XIII, § 1308, Aug. 23, 1958, 72 Stat. 805.)

EFFECTIVE DATE

Section effective on the 60th day following the date on which the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Agency [now the Federal Aviation Administration] first appointed under this chapter qualifies and takes office, see section 1505(2) of Pub. L. 85-726, set out as a note under section 1301 of this title. The Administrator was appointed, qualified, and took office on Oct. 31, 1958.

TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS

All functions, powers, and duties of the Secretary of Commerce and other offices and officers of the Department of Commerce under this section relating generally to aircraft were transferred to and vested in the Secretary of Transportation by Pub. L. 89-670, Oct. 15, 1966, 80 Stat. 931, which created the Department of Transportation. See section 1655(a) (3) (c) of this title.

§ 1539. Annual and quarterly reports to Congress.

The Secretary shall include in his annual report to Congress a detailed statement of all activities and of all expenditures and receipts under this subchapter for the period covered by such report and in addition make quarterly progress reports to the Congress with reference to contracts entered into, proposed contracts, and the general progress of his insurance activities. (Pub. L. 85-726, title XIII, § 1309, Aug. 23, 1958, 72 Stat. 805.)

REPORTS OF AVIATION WAR RISK INSURANCE
ACTIVITIES

Pub. L. 89-348, § 1(6), Nov. 8, 1965, 79 Stat. 1310, repealed provision of this section which related to quarterly report of contracts entered into, proposed contracts, and general progress with respect to aviation war risk insurance activities.

EFFECTIVE DATE

Section effective on the 60th day following the date on which the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Agency [now the Federal Aviation Administration] first appointed under this chapter qualifies and takes office, see section 1505(2) of Pub. L. 85-726, set out as a note under section 1301 of this title. The Administrator was appointed, qualified, and took office on Oct. 31, 1958.

TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS

All functions, powers, and duties of the Secretary of Commerce and other offices and officers of the Department of Commerce under this section relating generally to aircraft were transferred to and vested in the Secretary

Article 29

(1) The right to damages shall be extinguished if an action is not brought within 2 years, reckoned from the date of arrival at the destination, or from the date on which the aircraft ought to have arrived, or from the date on which the transportation stopped.

(2) The method of calculating the period of limitation shall be determined by the law of the court to which the case is submitted.

Article 30

(1) In the case of transportation to be performed by various successive carriers and falling within the definition set out in the third paragraph of article 1, each carrier who accepts passengers, baggage or goods shall be subject to the rules set out in this convention, and shall be deemed to be one of the contracting parties to the contract of transportation insofar as the contract deals with that part of the transportation which is performed under his supervision.

(2) In the case of transportation of this nature, the passenger or his representative can take action only against the carrier who performed the transportation during which the accident or the delay occurred, save in the case where, by express agreement, the first carrier has assumed liability for the whole journey.

(3) As regards baggage or goods, the passenger or consignor shall have a right of action against the first carrier, and the passenger or consignee who is entitled to delivery shall have a right of action against the last carrier, and further, each may take action against the carrier who performed the transportation during which the destruction, loss, damage, or delay took place. These carriers shall be jointly and severally liable to the passenger or to the consignor or consignee.

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(1) In the case of combined transportation performed partly by air and partly by any other mode of transportation, the provisions of this convention shall apply only to the transportation by air, provided that the transportation by air falls within the terms of article 1.

(2) Nothing in this convention shall prevent the parties in the case of combined transportation from inserting in the document of air transportation conditions relating to other modes of transportation, provided that the provisions of this convention are observed as regards the transportation by air.

CHAPTER V.-GENERAL AND FINAL PROVISIONS

Article 32

Any clause contained in the contract and all special agreements entered into before the damage occurred by which the parties purport to infringe the rules laid down by this convention, whether by deciding the law to be applied, or by altering the rules as to jurisdiction, shall be null and void. Nevertheless for the transportation of goods arbitration clauses shall be allowed, subject to this convention, if the arbitration is to take place within one of the jurisdictions referred to in the first paragraph of article 28.

Article 33

Nothing contained in this convention shall prevent the carrier either from refusing to enter into any contract of transportation or from making regulations which do not conflict with the provisions of this convention.

Article 34

This convention shall not apply to international transportation by air performed by way of experimental trial by air navigation enterprises with the view to the establishment of regular lines of air navigation, nor shall it apply to transportation performed in extraordinary circumstances outside the normal scope of an air carrier's business.

Article 35

The expression "days" when used in this convention means current days, not working days.

Article 36

This convention is drawn up in French in a single copy which shall remain deposited in the archives of the Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Poland and of which one duly certified copy shall be sent by the Polish Government to the Government of each of the High Contracting Parties.

Article 37

(1) This convention shall be ratified. The instruments of ratification shall be deposited in the archives of the Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Poland, which shall give notice of the deposit to the Government of each of the High Contracting Parties.

(2) As soon as this convention shall have been ratified by five of the High Contracting Parties it shall come into force as between them on the nineteenth day after the deposit of the fifth ratification. Thereafter it shall come into force between the High Contracting Parties which shall have ratified and the High Contracting Party which deposits its instrument of ratification on the ninetieth day afer the deposit.

(3) It shall be the duty of the Government of the Republic of Poland to notify the Government of each of the High Contracting Parties of the date on which this convention comes into force as well as the date of the deposit of each ratification.

Article 38

(1) This convention shall, after it has come into force, remain open for adherence by any state.

(2) The adherence shall be effected by a notification addressed to the Government of the Republic of Poland, which shall inform the Government of each of the High Contracting Parties thereof.

(3) The adherence shall take effect as from the ninetieth day after the notification made to the Government of the Republic of Poland.

Article 39

(1) Any one of the High Contracting Parties may denounce this convention by a notification addressed to the Government of the Republic of Poland, which shall at once inform the Government of each of the High Contracting Parties.

(2) Denunciation shall take effect six months after the notification of denunciation, and shall operate only as regards the party which shall have proceeded to denunciation.

Article 40

(1) Any High Contracting Party may, at the time of signature or of deposit of ratification or of adherence, declare that the acceptance which it gives to this convention does not apply to all or any of its colonies, protectorates, territories under mandate, or any other territory subject to its sovereignty or its authority, or any other territory under its suzerainty.

(2) Accordingly any High Contracting Party may subsequently adhere separately in the name of all or any of its colonies, protectorates, territories under mandate, or any other territory subject to its sovereignty or to its authority or any other territory under its suzerainty which have been thus excluded by its original declaration.

(3) Any High Contracting Party may denounce this convention, in accordance with its provisions, separately or for all or any of its colonies, protectorates, territories under mandate, or any other territory subject to its sovereignty or to its authority, or any other territory under its suzerainty.

Article 41

Any High Contracting Party shall be entitled not earlier than two years after the coming into force of this convention to call for the assembling of a new international conference in order to consider any improvements which may be made in this convention. To this end it will communicate with the Government of the French Republic which will take the necessary measures to make preparations for such conference.

This convention, done at Warsaw on October 12, 1929. shall remain open for signature until January 31, 1930.

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