The Nature and Origins of Mass OpinionCambridge University Press, 1992. gada 28. aug. - 367 lappuses In this 1992 book John Zaller develops a comprehensive theory to explain how people acquire political information from elites and the mass media and convert it into political preferences. Using numerous specific examples, Zaller applies this theory to the dynamics of public opinion on a broad range of subjects, including domestic and foreign policy, trust in government, racial equality, and presidential approval, as well as voting behaviour in U.S. House, Senate, and presidential elections. The thoery is constructed from four basic premises. The first is that individuals differ substantially in their attention to politics and therefore in their exposure to elite sources of political information. The second is that people react critically to political communication only to the extent that they are knowledgeable about political affairs. The third is that people rarely have fixed attitudes on specific issues; rather, they construct 'preference statements' on the fly as they confront each issue raised. The fourth is that, in constructing these statements, people make the greatest use of ideas that are, for various reasons, the most immediately salient to them. Zaller emphasizes the role of political elites in establishing the terms of political discourse in the mass media and the powerful effect of this framing of issues on the dynamics of mass opinion on any given issue over time. |
Saturs
Introduction The fragmented state of opinion research | 1 |
Information predispositions and opinion | 6 |
How citizens acquire information and convert it into public opinion | 40 |
Coming to terms with response instability | 53 |
Making it up as you go along | 76 |
The mainstream and polarization effects | 97 |
Basic processes of attitude change | 118 |
Tests of the onemessage model | 151 |
Twosided information flows | 185 |
Information flow and electoral choice | 216 |
Evaluating the model and looking toward future research | 265 |
Epilogue The question of elite domination of public opinion | 310 |
Measures appendix | 333 |
347 | |
359 | |
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acceptance function Achen American analysis argument attitude change attitude reports Axiom baseline campaign intensity candidate Central America centrists chapter citizens coefficients considerations consistent Contra guerrillas correlated countervalent cueing messages defense spending Democrats depends dominant doves effects elite discourse Equation estimates evaluations evidence expected F-scale favor hawk-dove hawks and doves highly aware persons homosexuality House elections ideas ideological important incumbent indicates individuals inertial resistance information flow interaction interview Iran-Contra issue less aware levels of political logistic function mainstream mass media mass opinion measure Mondale multicollinearity National Election Study nonmonotonic opinion change opinion leadership outpartisans party people's percent polarization political awareness position predispositions presidential public opinion race racial RAS model rates Reagan reason reception reception-acceptance model relationship Republicans response instability scores shown Source stop-and-think stories survey questions Table tests tion tisan U.S. involvement values variables Vietnam Vietnam War vote voters Zaller
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